Specific surface area

During the reign of President Soeharto, the second president of Indonesia, Indonesian governmental system was unitary state with authoritarian system. At this era, the administrative system was set into a hierarchical system; from the higher level to the lowest level namely central government, provinces, cities (kota) and rural regencies (kabupaten), districts (kecamatan), and urban neighborhoods (kelurahan) and villages (desa); with a large number of military officer designated in many…

The last century has seen the rapid growth of the urban areas which is likely to be one of the milestones in the current ages. Also known as the urbanization process, this situation is defined by the unprecedented rural population shift to the cities which stems from the Modern period as a result of the Industrial Revolution. However, the key aspect is the universal nature of the issue which has effect on an exceptional transformation in a global scale but on a drastically impact in the social,…

the red tarmac offers pedestrians an extra safety measure when crossing, while taking away space from the drivers); parking is also a critical matter, generating therefore, economic consequences for the local shops (‘Material Lives’, 2009, scene 1). Another relevant point is the fact that, City Road social appearance, along with its material assets usage, changes considerably throughout the day, making it almost a different street by nightfall (e.g. from a busy commercial street during the day…

Early life in the urban cities of the US were a whole other world compared to what the cities are today. In the early 1800s, the US population in urbanized areas were about 300,000, with a total population peaking roughly at 5 million. By 1900 the population had spiked to about 30 million with 40 percent of it citizens living in urbanized areas. This spike in population had a lot to do with immigrants and a baby boom that together surpassed the amount of deaths. Transportation in New York for…

Is in stake due to the fact that our population is fast urbanizing and fast doing away with tribal customs and traditions. But it is increasingly becoming apparent that we cannot have customary land tenure system in urban areas in Tanzania. The case law on this is abound and the provision on restricting customary right of occupancy to village land (S.14 of Act No. 5) further reinforces this argument. The Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 provides for the…

school system documented in a film called, “Corridor of Shame.” The film is about rural area schools along 1-95 in South Carolina in 2005 but looks like schools on a slave planation. The film highlights overworked and grossly underpaid teachers and administrators as well as the plight of the children in these dilapidated learning conditions. Since then, local, state and national leaders have visited the area and pledged support. The question is, “In May of 2016, has there been any improvements…

Analysis on Dos Lagos Areas The development of human history is always filled with fundamental and unexpected transformations. The rise of suburbs is just a case in point. Before the 18th century, the word suburb mainly represented a “subordinate and inferior part of the city where odious activities and marginal people congregated” (Fishman, 2006). At that time, the suburbs were usually subordinate to the central city and inhabited by the poor. In some places, suburbs were swallowed as the main…

Introduction The impacts of urbanization are felt not only on a global scale, but on a local scale as well. Specifically, in the recent past, there has been much research on large metropolitan areas and their response to urbanization (Liu 2015). These responses can be measured in various ways: air quality, vegetation health, water quality/management, etc. The responses are far reaching, but more importantly, they are interconnected. For example, air quality is dependent upon the health of…

In todays ever connected and forever growing society, it has become more socially acceptable for groups of people to be divided by the state of their bank account. Not only is this an issue in the developed world, but also it has a large influence on the developing world. I noticed this on my trip to Ecuador with my school in which I spend a month in both urban society and rural society. The wide range of economic disparity demonstrated through the difference in living conditions was a clear…

The Good the Bad and the Ugly City dwellers take pride in the cultural advancements of their urban society. Throughout history, cities have boasted the achievements of the great minds that lived and worked within their domain. The genius of a city’s residents becomes an integral part of the cultural landscape and helps distinguish that city as a member of the culturally elite. Music specifically has always been a pride to the cities where musical geniuses originate, and the relationship between…