Solvent

According to Ahmad S.A. and Lone S.R. “Hybrid Process (Pervaporation-Distillation)”, Distillation is a separation technique, in which a feed mixture of different components is separated into two or more reaction products by collecting the overhead distillate, formed as vapor or a mix of vapor and liquid, and keeping the remaining liquid solution in the reaction container. To achieve this: firstly, the feed has to contain a liquid or a mix of vapor-liquid mixture at the start of the reaction.…

General Introduction Dietary lipids: Dietary lipids consist of a broad group of compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Their density is lower than water and consistency varies from liquids to solids at normal room temperature, depending on their structure and function. They are also referred as ‘Oils’ which are liquid and ‘fats’ which are solid at room temperature. Lipids are the important constituents of diet due to their higher energy value. One gram of lipid…

Experiment 7 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Of Salicyamide Name: Lidia Santiana Palha Student number: s3333523 Email-address: lidiapalha@gmail.com Name of demonstrator: H.Helbert Reaction Equation Summary Salicylamide and sodium iodide are dissolved in ethanol, and stirred and cooled to 0. After that household bleach was added while stirring vigorously, solution changed from colorless to pale yellow. Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid were added aswell.…

Topical ointments Introduction: An ointment is semi solid topical preparation applied to external application with rubbing effect. It may be a vehicle or media for a drug or it may serve like a protective or emollient. Ointments show plastic flow characteristics. When the ointment is applied it is definite yield value and the resistant to flow drops as the applications to the skin is continued. Body: • Uses : There are two types of ointments: A- Medicated: used to treat different…

Benzocaine was synthesized from p-toluidine in a four step synthesis. Each intermediate product, including N-acetyl-p-toluidine, p-acetamidobenzoic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid, was checked for yield, presence, and purity through weighing, taking IR and NMR spectrums, and determining the melting point. Thin Layer Chromatography was used to ensure the completion of the final reaction from p-aminobenzoic acid to benzocaine. The yield of the first step from p-toluidine to N-acetyl-p-toluidine was…

The column temperature was maintained at 36°C and 212 the detection source was ESI+ (electrospray ionisation). The solvents Eluent A2 (100 mL eluent A 213 concentrate [6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate + acetonitrile] and 900 mL 214 distilled water) and Eluent B (acetonitrile) were used. The MS analysis was done using a Waters 215 ACQUITY Tandem Triple Quadrupole…

PHA 6840 Assignment #9 1. Inhalants are classified as volatile substances that generate chemical vapors, which after inhaled produce a mind altering effect. The category of inhalants consists of a broad range of chemicals including: volatile solvents, gases, aerosols, and nitrates. The different forms of inhaled substances can be found commonly in industrial, medical, and household products. According to the Monitoring The Future Survey conducted in 2016, there is a significant decrease in…

The electrochemical properties of the squaraine dyes (SQ1 & SQ2) were investigated. The effects of the chemical structures of two SQ1&SQ2 dyes were selected in relation to the variable property of -COOH substituent for SQ1 compare to SQ2 which without substituent and determine their potential energy levels in ground and excited states HOMO and LUMO. The HOMO energy levels of the SQ1 & SQ2 dyes are -5.19 eV and -5.16 eV. The LUMO energy levels are calculated to be -3.08 eV and -3.1eV respectively…

Aromatic plants bear essential oils which are fragrant and so are named ‘Aromatic’. These plants retain their fragrant components in specialised cells and tissues of organs even after drying. Oil may be present in external glands as epidermal cells or their modification such as ‘Secretory Hair’ or may be present internally throughout the plant forming Schizogenous formation which on dissolution of surrounding cells forms Schizolysogenous gland which further grow into long canals. Secretion such…

Preformulation Study Preparation of calibration curve of Amoxicillin trihydrate [51,53,76] Preparation of stock for Hydrochloric acid Stock solution in 0.1N Hydrochloric acid (0.1N HCl): 10 mg of Amoxicillin was accurately weighed and transferred into 10 ml volumetric flask. It was dissolved and diluted to volume make up to mark with 0.1N HCl to give stock solution containing 1000 µg/ml, after than 1ml take to from 1000 µg/ml and dilute to volume make up to mark of 10ml volumetric flask with…