Solvent

samples of water solution containing Cu (II) ions (50cm3 volume) with concentration level of 25-300 mg.dm-3, the initial pH value was adjusted using a pH meter. The mixture was agitated at 200rpm using a temperature monitored water bath shaker. The solvent was filtered out after equilibrium and tested for Cu (II) ions concentration using the Atomic absorption spectrometer. Data analysis was carried out using pseudo-second-order model and Arrhenius and Eyring equations. The adsorption process was…

Water quality of Freshwater Creek Abstract: This report will be detailing the results found after testing three different water quality parameters on water samples taken at Freshwater Creek and comparing them with past results. It will determine if Freshwater Creek is, has been or is becoming polluted. The three tested parameters were dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia. What was found is that the results for all three tests fitted within the recommended guidelines for…

types • Reverse Phase • Normal Phase 3.4.1.1. Reverse Phase Chromatography Reverse Phase system has a non-polar stationary phase over which polar solvents are used as mobile phase; it is generally used for separation of polar species. 3.4.1.2. Normal phase chromatography Normal Phase system has a polar stationary phase over which non-polar solvents are used as mobile phase; it is generally used for separation of non-polar species.[38]. A detection system is coupled with HPLC to detect and…

and the sodium from the NaOH binds to the open oxygen on the trimyristin that formed a compound called sodium myristate. This reaction occurs slowly at room temperature so to increase the reaction rate it was heated under reflux. During reflux the solvent is heated to a boil and to ensure the vapors were not lost they were cooled in a condenser, which had cold water running through it. These cooled vapors condensed and returned to the boiling…

Styrene (St, 99%) and methyl methacrylate (MMA, 99%) were obtained from Aldrich company. These monomers were first dried over calcium hydride, were purified by being passed through a column of basic alumina, and were distilled under reduced pressure. Ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBIB, 98%), copper (I) bromide (CuBr, 99%), copper (I) chloride (CuCl, 99%), and other chemical reagents were procured from Aldrich company and used as received. N-methylbis[2-(dodecylthio)ethyl]amine (SNS) was synthesized…

Analytical Method Validation of Sylimarin The λmax of Sylimarin in ethyl alcohol and PBS was found to be 286 nm and 322nm, respectively. The drug follows linearity in the concentration range 2–20 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient value of 0.998 and 0.999 for in ethyl alcohol and PBS, respectively. The accuracy of the method was checked by recovery. The % recovery was found to be in the range of 99.54– 100.98% in ethyl alcohol and 98.94– 101.4% in PBS, respectively. The precision of the…

intended product, was 175 ºC. The sharp range was resulted in a slightly pure product. The percent yield was lower than expected which can be the reason most of the product was lost during the extraction and almost completely sublimated during the solvent evaporation, which lead to vacuum filtration. As a known possibility, some ketone and alcohol was formed and could be associated with the borneol drying out an contaminating the water. Alcohol peaks were depicted on the IR spectrum, meaning…

New ultraviolet (UV) curable prepolymer, 2–hydroxy–3–[p–(1–{2–hydroxy–3–(isopro– phenylcarbonyloxypropoxy) phenyl} methylcyclohexyl) phenoxy] propyl acrylate (BISCHDA) was synthesized by the reaction of p–[1–(p–hydroxyphenyl) methylcyclohexyl] phenol with methylcyclohexanone, epoxidation with epichlorohydrin followed by addition reaction with acrylic acid. All synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Several UV-curable formulated solutions were prepared…

Bromination of trans-cinnamic acid Purpose and Introduction The halogenation of of trans-cinnamic acid using pyridinium tribromide was connected in the organic solvent glacial acetic acid in order to verify and test which addition mechanism the reaction would follow. In the anti-addition mechanism, bromines attach themselves on opposite sides of the alkene functional group in a compound. In a syn-addition, the attach to the same side of the alkene. The reaction synthesis was completed by using a…

Lipids: Lipids have a hydrophobic nature because of the predominantly of hydrocarbon chains in their structure. They are insoluble or poorly soluble in water, but readily soluble in non polar solvents such as ether and benzene. Characteristics of Lipids:  Amphiphatic  Naturally occurring  Soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water  Undergo saponification  Undergo emulsification Classification and biological functions of Lipids: • Fatty Acids:  Energy sources  Biosynthetic…