Solvent

Results and Discussion Synthesis of Tin(IV) Porphyrin-Viologen Dyad: Tin(IV)porphyrin-viologen dyads 1 & 2 (scheme 1) used in this study was synthesized by a series of reactions. 1-(4-Carboxybenzyl)-1'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium hexaflurophosphate was prepared from the reaction between 1-Methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium iodide with 4-(bromomethyl)benzoic acid followed by ion exchange with NH4PF6. Reaction of 1-(4-Carboxybenzyl)-1'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium hexaflurophosphate with [Sn(OH)2TPP] (TPP =…

the starting compound for the preparation of pyrithione-based fungicides. Cetylpyridinium and laurylpyridinium, which can be produced from pyridine with a Zincke reaction, are used as antiseptic in oral and dental care products. 2. Solvent Pyridine is used as a solvent in the manufacture of dyes and rubber.It is also used in the textile industry to improve network capacity of cotton. Pyridine is added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for drinking. In low doses, pyridine is added to foods to…

dehydrate polysaccharides, enhance intra-molecular hydrogen bonding, cause conformational change and aggregation of polysaccharide molecules, and eventually leads to the precipitation of macromolecular chains, and the following addition of alcohol solvent gradually precipitates the molecular chains with relatively low MW, thereby achieving fractional precipitation of polysaccharides based on molecular structure (Jian et al., 2014). According to this procedure, two main fractions obtained from…

isthe simplest and the most important of the ketones. It is a colourless, mobile, flammableliquid with a mildly pungent and somewhat aromatic odour. It is miscible in all proportionswith water and with organic solvents such as ether, methanol, ethyl alcohol, and esters.Acetone is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose, as a carrier for acetyleneand as a raw material for the chemical synthesis of a wide range of products such as ketene,methyl methacrylate, bisphenol A,…

Complexation of Cyclodextrins Cyclodextrins (CDs) are most important carriers because of their semi-natural property as it is produced from a natural material i.e. starch, by simple enzymatic conversion. Solubility and dissolution rate of BCS class II drugs can be improved by addition or by complexation with hydrophilic carriers like cyclodextrins. Cyclodextrins have the capability to form inclusion complexes with the guest molecules i.e. poorly water soluble drugs. The formed inclusion complex…

The available solvents were ethyl acetate and hexanes. Two solvent composition were mixed and created to run the TLC analysis. The solvent of the ratio of 95% ethyl acetate and 5% hexanes and the solvent of the ratio of 95% hexanes and 5% ethyl acetate were created. The TLC analysis was tested to determine which one works the best. The first used composition was recorded. The corresponding TLC plate with circled spots was taped on the notebook. Two solvent systems were kept applying…

Experiment 5 Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopy of ethyl cinnamate Introduction: Wittig reactions involve the stereoselective synthesis of olefins from phosphonium ylides and aldehydes or ketones, where the carbonyl bond is converted to an alkene double bond.1 The variety of suitable reagents and the relatively mild experimental conditions facilitate their industrial applications, such as the synthesis of epoxides, esters, carotenoids and vitamin A.2,3 Specifically, the ester ethyl cinnamate is used…

potential source of error is that Grignard reagents must be placed far away from water sources. If any water is present or near the Grignard reagent, it will react and the Grignard reagent will become destroyed. To avoid possible water contamination, the solvent used will be aprotic and anhydrous, a drying…

New method of synthesis of oligoetherols with carbazole ring Renata Lubczak Abstract: The new method of synthesis of multifuntional oligoetherols with carbazole ring suitable for obtaining the polyurethane foams of enhanced thermal resistance was presented. At the first step of the synthesis the carbazole was reacted with excess glycidol to obtain the product of (n +1) functionality, where n is number of equivalents of glycidol reacted with carbazole. Carbazole reacts with glycidol without…

dissolve a lifesaver. My hypothesis stated, If a lifesaver is mixed into water then, the time it takes to dissolve will decrease because by stirring or shaking causes the solute particles to separate from one another and spread out quicker among the solvent particles. My hypothesis was supported. For the mixed lifesaver, at 2 minutes 12 seconds, the lifesaver got smaller and turned the water red, at the final time, 9 minutes 25 seconds the lifesaver dissolved in the water completely. For the…