Solutions

25g pectin was wetted with 5ml ethanol and topped to 100mL mark in a with deionized water, thereafter six drops of phenolphthalein was added and the content stirred on a plate stirrer with magnet to fully solubilize pectin.. The solution was titrated against 0.1M NaOH solution till PH 7.5 was attained (when the colour just started to turn pink). The following equation was applied to establish equivalent weight: Equivalent weight (EW)=(weight of pectin sample x 1000)/(volume of alakali (〖cm〗^3 )x…

enhanced. The topic had dealt with food regulations in agriculture, livestock, and business. Poor food regulations in these areas could lead to health problems, norovirus outbreaks, and other forms of illnesses to the world population. The best solutions to my subtopic, which is business, was for the improvement of workers’ protection and universally accepted food safety laws. Workers in restaurants would receive paid sick days in order to discourage the spread of illness, especially when…

concentrations of ions which are known as hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. The composition of a buffer in an acidic aqueous solution is combined containing a weak acid and salt of conjugate base of the weak acid. (Importance of Buffers, 2013) The composition of a buffer in a basic aqueous solution is combined containing a weak base and a salt of conjugate acid of weak base. A buffer solution resists the changes in pH therefore resisting modifications in hydronium ions and hydroxide ion…

for 30 min at room temperature. Then, trypsin/chymotrypsin- digested samples of KPNB1 obtained from the UV-crosslinking experiments with various concentrations of compound 1 were analyzed by nanoflow liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The tandem mass spectra of the trypsin/chymotrypsin-digested KPNB1-compound 1 adducts showed 10 peptides coupled to compound 1 (Table S1, the Supplementary Information). Among these adducts, we found that the amounts of three of the products,…

The story of the Holocaust cannot be told in one simple way, there are many complex individual stories that make up the more complete Holocaust. Museums thus struggle with the issue of trying to decide how to represent the Holocaust and encounter the dilemma of trying to decide what information to include and what to omit. Los Angeles is a prime example of this struggle because they have two Holocaust museums, only a few miles apart, which have completely different backgrounds and motives,…

Also germination is stimulated by an uptake of water and due to the shortage of H+ ions in more alkaline solutions this may delay or terminate germination. The pH of soil can affect the spread of important nutrients with in the soil, and unevenness can prevent a plant from absorbing them. Before plants can use a nutrient it must be dissolved in the soil solution. Most minerals and nutrients are most soluble and so more available for plant absorption in a pH of just below 7, rather…

The SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line was procured from National Centre for Cell Sciences, India and maintained in (DMEM) (Sigma Aldrich, USA) and Ham 's F12 nutrient mixture (F12) (Sigma Aldrich, USA) in 1:1 ratio. The medium was supplemented with 2 mmol L-glutamine (HiMedia, India), 10% (v/v) heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT) and 1% antibiotics (penicillin/streptomycin). Cells were cultured at 37 ºC in a humidified CO2 ¬incubator containing 5% CO2 and…

Chromium (Cr) is one of the most toxic chemical compounds due to the common use of chromium compounds in industry in addition to its natural sources (Costa et al., 2003). Exposure to chromium occurs via contaminants found in drinking water and food, through air containing particulates or mists of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) compounds, or through skin contact with soil at hazardous waste sites (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2013). Cr (VI) may be found in drinking water…

Metronidazole Systematic (IUPAC) name: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol Bioavailability : 80% (oral), 60-80% (rectal), 20-25% (vaginal)122,123 Protein binding : 20% 122,123 Metabolism : Hepatic 122,123 Half-life : 8 hours 122,123 Excretion : Urine (77%), faeces (14%) 122,123 Formula : C6H9N3O3 Mol. mass : 171.15 g/mol Melt. point : 159–163 °C (318–325 °F) Metronidazole is a nitroimidazoleantibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.…

Initially, the protein extract solution was subject to ion exchange column chromatography using SP Sepharose Fast Flow (GE Healthcare, Sweden). The column (with 5 ml of stationary phase) was equilibrated with five column volumes of sodium acetate/acetic acid 10mM pH5 and 10 ml of protein extract containing bacteriocin were injected into this. After washing the column with sodium acetate/acetic acid 10 mM pH5 (Buffer A), elution was performed using a linear gradient from sodium acetate/acetic…