Solubility equilibrium

OBJECTIVE: To deliver lornoxicam into systemic circulation by engineering ethosomal gel formulation. RATIONAL OF WORK: Because of their improved pervasion of medication through skin.  lornoxicam is BCS class II medication causes gastric bothering when managed orally  ethosomes are stages for the conveyance of vast and differing gathering of medications.  due to their generally safe profile.  better understanding agreeability can be utilized as a part of the manifestation of gel,…

Experiment 1 and 2 Recrystallization: Purification of Solids and Melting points Purpose: In the fist experiment, impure Vanillin was purified through the process of recrystallization. Desired solutes were recovered through the technique of vacuum filtration, and then dried to take percent recovery In the second experiment, a percent recovery of the recrystallized Vanillin from the first experiment was performed. The percent recovery of Vanillin was 77.18% A mixed…

Salts and molecules have similar characteristics, and many differences whether we can tell by first looks or not. Testing these two only supports the differences, and many structural functions cause these differences. Since salts are ionically bonded, they have different properties and functions compared to the covalent bonded molecules. Salts have a ionic bond, and we can confirm due to their electronegativity. As you move from left to right on the periodic table you would notice that…

The aim of the present investigation is to intend, develop and evaluate a pulsatile drug delivery containing a core-in-cup based system of dry coated tablet of ketoprofen based on chronomodulated approach for management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. This pulsatile system contained a core tablet surrounded by an impermeable outer shell and top cover layer. Core tablet contained the active ingredient acting as reservoir, ethylcellulose was used to form an impermeable outer shell, the top cover layer…

ABSTRACT The reactivity of acid base cements forming hydroxyapatite (HA) such as, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD). Amorphous calcium phosphates, prepared by precipitation from supersaturated solutions, can also react to form apatitic cements since they are thermodynamic unstable with respect to HA and have a setting reaction more independent of particle size. Calcium phosphate cement containing an antibiotic can be used for filling bone defects and to…

Since suitable crystals for X-ray single crystal analysis was not obtained, to have reliable structural information, HR-TEM analysis of the product was carried out. The average size of the assembly calculated from HR-TEM measurement is found to be 2.8 nm which is in good agreement with the size of the previously reported Pd6L8 assembly where L is the non N-methylated (2.5nm, Fig. 2).9 As first step, to explore the catalytic activity of 1 in copper and phosphine free Sonogashira coupling reaction…

enhanced drug solubility, good thermodynamic stability, and higher transdermal permeability over conventional formulations 138,139. Many studies reported the use of microemulsions as topical drug delivery vehicles showed their ability to improve transdermal and dermal delivery properties 140-141. Microemulsions have several permeation enhancement mechanisms such as increase in concentration gradient and thermodynamic activity toward the skin 142. 1. Determination of saturation solubility The…

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been studied for their excellent performances which are suitable for use in bone defects or regeneration of bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has poor mechanical properties which make it limited used in a load bearing area. In this case, sodium alginate (SA) was used to be mixed with hydroxyapatite (HA) by using precipitation method to increase the mechanical and physical properties. The mixing of hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate effectively increases the densification and hardness…

The Difference between Detergent and Soap The reason for this case study is to dissect the Difference between detergent and soap. In this case study, I will define the meaning of the cleaning agents, I will give you an introductory, I will discover how they are made, I will discover how they work, and why one cleaning agents is better than the other. This case study will be designed using the descriptive scientific method. The meanings of Detergent and Soap A detergent is a substance that cleans…

Characterization of the oxidized amylose and the linalool/oxidized amylose inclusion complex. The high water solubility of oxidized amylose can broaden the applications in water environment.14, 32 The Table 1 shows the properties of amylose and oxidized amylose. As expected, the solubility of oxidized amyloses in water is highly improved due to the introduced carboxyl and carbonyl groups. And it increases greatly with the increase of carboxyl content. The results suggest that due to the two-step…