Solubility equilibrium

Prior to the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) there was little oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygenation of the atmosphere occurred in two steps, at the beginning and end of the Proterozoic eon (Frei, et al., 2013). In the GOE the surface oceans began to become oxygenated (Holland, 2006). The Second stage of oxygenation is known as the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (NOE) and occurred after the 650-635Ma in the Marinoan glaciation (Sahoo, et al., 2012) (Feulner & Kienert, 2014). The NOE is thought to…

["Ni" ("N-N" "O" _"2" )_"6" ]"." "H" _"2" "O" and "KN" "O" _"2" . As the product was dissolved in hot ethanol solvent and slowly cooled to crystallise, the impurities would remain dissolved rather than being solidified. Thus, the different solubilities of the green complex at disparate temperature had facilitated its isolation. This method was relatively simple to perform, accompanied with effective maximisation of purity and yield of the nickel complex. In the experiment, it was notable…

acid from a solution carboxylic acid salt , is to add a strong acid to the solution. You will precipitate benzoic acid from a solution of sodium benzoate by acidizing the solution with hydrochloric acid. Acidification of the solution shifts the equilibrium to the left and precipitates the insoluble carboxylic acid. Synthesis of benzoic acid Benzoic acid is produced extensively and on a large scale by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen at moderate temperature and pressure in the presence…

Water exists in all three physical states only on planet earth, the only planet where life exists in the whole of universe. Water supports life on earth due its unique physical properties such as density, temperature variation, reflectivity, surface tension, specific heat, boiling and freezing points, as well as its chemical properties including its polar nature, dissolving ability and capacity to act both as an acid or base. The exceptional physical properties are all attributed to water’s…

1.5. Enzyme-Polysaccharide Interactions Proteins and enzymes have become an integral part of many industrial processes as well as being applied both in cosmetics and in therapeutics. Due to advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering, mass production of protein and enzymes has become feasible. Use of enzymes is environmentally friendly as they catalyse reactions under mild conditions against polluting inorganic catalysts which works in the extremes of pH and temperature. However, this can…

Textbook Reference: 6.4 What Are the Active Processes of Membrane Transport? Page: 120 5. Barrier formation is only one function of the cell membrane. Describe some other functions of the membrane and discuss how the membrane is suited for those functions. Answer: Membranes function in processing energy transformation and in the organization of chemical reactions. Integral and peripheral proteins contribute to these functions. The membrane serves as a holding site for the catalytic enzymes…

Adipic acid is mainly use as monomer in manufacture Nylon 6/6 fiber, plasticizer, grease, polyurethane etc. There are several countries in the world that manufacturing the adipic acid. But there also countries that just is a supplier for this adipic acid to any factory that need adipic acid in their countries. The main countries that produce adipic acid are United State of America and also China. Almost ninety percent of adipic acid manufactured in United State of America is used to produce…

INTRODUCTION Cancer can be defined as a special kind of illness that occurs when the cells in a given part of a body begin to grow out of proportion than is normal. Currently, in the United States, this disease is the second leading cause of deaths. Human beings over the history have had tumors and remedies have been implemented, and others continue to be performed and studied over time (American Cancer Society, 2010). These methods of treatment include chemo-preventive methods and of late…