Solubility equilibrium

Dehydration is known as the process of removing water. During chemical dehydration covalent sigma bonds are broken into a hydroxyl group and a covalent sigma bond is broken to a hydrogen on an adjacent atom. A covalent pi bond forms between the two atoms on which the OH and H are bound and therefore chemical dehydration forms a new water molecule along with a new double bond. In this experiment 2-methycyclohexanol will react with phosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid will act as a catalyze.…

Slime is made by mixing together borax, glue, and water. Depending on the amount of borax added to the mixture will determine the density of the slime. For our experiment in class the independent variable was the borax. The dependent variable was slime. The control group was glue. It was important to keep the amount of glue, borax, and water constant throughout the experiment. In an experiment conducted in class it was hypothesized that the more borax added the denser the slime will be.…

It’s a hot, summer day and a soda is the perfect thing to quench your thirst. You come inside and notice they are all at room temperature. What would be the fastest way to cool a soda? There are multiple factors that could effect in this equation. Would it be faster to put it in the refrigerator where the cold air would achieve the soda’s desired temperature, would ice cool it faster, or maybe an ice and water bath would do the trick? There are multiple ways to test this experiment, but only one…

Electrostatic Potential allows for scientists and chemists to calculate the atomic charges of large molecules. LogP is also known as the partition coefficient which is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a mixture during two phases at equilibrium. LogP can be used to find distributions of chemical compounds in drugs, and how well those drugs can reach and affect their intended targets. Lastly,…

Electrophoresis; Separation of Proteins Purpose: To create an electrophoresis gel in order to further separate Cytochrome C, Myoglobin, Albumin and Hemoglobin(proteins) based off of their net charges. Materials: • Rabbit hemoglobin • Serum albumin(cow) • Myoglobin • Cytochrome C • Microtubes • Tape • Micropipets • Agarose gel • Buffer • Gel chamber • Test tubes • Test tube holders • Gloves • Macropipets Properties of Proteins: Protein Color Isoelectric Point Net Change at pH 8.6 Cytochrome C…

The cinnamaldehyde and water distillate was obtained from the previous lab session and was observed for changes. The oil was on the bottom of the flask. The distillate turned clear when initially it was white. The distillate still had a cinnamon smell. The cinnamaldehyde was now to be extracted from water using an organic solvent. To choose the right solvent for the experiment, the organic solvent must meet certain criteria. It must be miscible with the substance extracted (in this case,…

1. Why is it necessary to have positive and negative controls in this experiment? It is necessary to have positive and negative controls in this experiment to see how variables are affected; therefore, without controls there would be no way to now what would normally happen with the chemical reactants. 2. Describe the movement of each substance in the dialysis bag and the beaker. The movement of glucose in the dialysis bag was that is crossed the dialysis membrane; therefore, it was found…

Hydrazine (N2H4) is a colorless, oily liquid that has an odor similar to ammonia. Other names for Hydrazine include Diamine, Nitrogen hydride, Diazine, and Levoxine. Its molecular weight is 32.05 g/mol and it is miscible in water. Its boiling point is 113.5 degrees Celsius at 760 mm Hg and its melting point is 2.0 degrees Celsius. Most people can smell hydrazine when present at concentrations of 2.0–8.0 parts per million (Choudhary G). “It is known for its corrosive and strong reducing…

Discussion The findings in this lab show that the melting point of Alum is 92.5 degrees Celsius. During the first trial a temperature of 91.0 degrees Celsius was recorded, but during the second trial a temperature of 93.0 degrees Celsius was found. Averaging the two temperatures gives a total around 92.0. The literature melting point of Alum is said to be 92.5 degrees Celsius and the data from similar studies, such as, Chemistry 103: Synthesis of Alum, together show that the results from the…

Safety Glass is used in every experiment and was always handled carefully, especially when being heated. If a glass object was dropped, the teacher was immediately notified so that the proper cleanup procedure could be done. Hot plates and lamps get hot quickly, so when I was working with them I made sure I did not touch them. In many of the experiments possible eye and skin irritants such as ZnCl₂ as well as toxic materials like HCl are used. Materials such as these should be handled with…