Solubility equilibrium

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    After the experiment was conducted and the data was analyzed the cation in the solution was proven to affect the color of the flame. The cation in each of the solutions are calcium, copper, lithium, and potassium. The two salt solutions that have calcium as its cation are Calcium Chloride and Calcium Nitrate. When you compare those two solutions you can see that both of their flames turned orange. The two salt solutions with chloride as their anion were Calcium Chloride and Lithium Chloride.…

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    Sodium Citrate Lab Report

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    The D-glucose serves to reduce the silver from Ag1- to Ag1+. The sodium citrate first reduces Ag1+ to Ag, and then functions to bind with the particle surface of silver nitrate particles to allow them to interact. Finally, silver nitrate can aggregate. The silver nitrate combined with D-glucose, sodium citrate, and heat forms an aggregate. The citrate binds with the particle coating and dispels the repulsion between silver nitrate nanoparticles. The nanoparticles then form an aggregate-- a loose…

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    The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the molar mass by using the freezing points of the two solutions. Colligative properties were used in calculations during this experiment to discover the molar mass of an unknown solute. These properties are subsequently applied to solutions depending on the amount of particles of the solute and the solvent inside the solution. In this lab, we focus on the freezing point depression, which can be seen when a pure solvent is added to or mixed with a…

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    Aeshah Alrubayyi CHM 643 Reactive intermediate has been important investigated in physical organic chemistry. It classes to carbocations, carbenes, carbanions and free radicals. Recently, observable intermediate classified as reactive, and an unobservable intermediate is kinetically when occurs at a branch point in a mechanism. A reactive intermediate is formed in the rate determining step of a reaction and then goes to give products in low barrier. Also, the hydrocarbon reaction of terminal…

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    Thus, it relates to energy transfer, as energy is transformed or transferred as entropy increases. When the concentration of a substance of two sides of a barrier have reached equilibrium, or equal concentration, there is no concentration gradient, or movement from high concentration to low concentration. When a concentration gradient exists, there is a state of entropy, and thus a state favorable to energy. As substances diffuse…

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    a solvent speeds up the movement of its particles. This speeding up will cause more solvent particles to collide into the solute. Under those circumstances, solute particles end up breaking loose and dissolve faster. Temperature usually affects solubility rates. Heating up the solvent gives the molecules more kinetic energy. The faster motion means that the solvent molecules collide with the solute with a higher frequency and the collisions occur with more force. Both components help to…

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    Norton Pond Case Study

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    Table 2. Recorded data of Physical and chemical properties of Wakefield Pond. Figure 3. Graph of temprature vs Depth in each lake. Figure 4. Graph of oxygen concentration vs Depth in each lake. Figure 5. Graph of light vs Depth in each lake. Figure 7. Sketches of plankton and relative aboundace from all two lakes Figure 8. Sketches of plamkton and relative aboundance from all two lakes. Figure 6. Fish in Wakefield Pond variety and numbers. Discussion Lake…

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    Introduction Acetone (dimethyl ketone, 2-propane, CH3COCH3), formulation weight 58,079, isthe simplest and the most important of the ketones. It is a colourless, mobile, flammableliquid with a mildly pungent and somewhat aromatic odour. It is miscible in all proportionswith water and with organic solvents such as ether, methanol, ethyl alcohol, and esters.Acetone is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose, as a carrier for acetyleneand as a raw material for the chemical…

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    (a) (b) (a) (b) 3. 1 Potentiodynamic polarization test of Mg-Zn-RE and Mg-Zn-RE-xCa alloys Potentiodynamic polarization test in Kokubo solution was carried out to evaluate the bio-degradation behavior of Mg-Zn-RE and Mg-Zn-RE-xCa alloys. The results (Fig. 1) revealed that the corrosion potential, Ecorr of Mg-Zn-RE alloy was -1841 mV, which…

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    Posttreatment of anaerobically treated DWW by aerobic activated sludge using SBR and membrane UF was investigated. The aim of this study was to reduce the organic loading (COD and BOD), nutrients (TKN, NO2, NO3 and TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) of anaerobically treated DWW effluent first by the activated sludge system using SBR and further treated by ceramic tubular membrane UF separately to investigate the possibility of the reusing the effluent for different purposes depending on the…

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