Solid-phase synthesis

1.) Out of the eight themes in biology, the relationship between structure and function is a key component. For example, the three-dimensional structure of a protein not only defines its shape and size, but also its function. Proteins consist of a long chain of 20 amino acids folded up into complex shapes. Each nonpolar amino acid folds into the interior of the proteins during the folding stage, as they are hydrophobic. The primary and secondary structure determines the hydrophobicity of a…

Specifically, nitration plays an important role in regulation of key enzyme activities and signal transduction networks. Tyrosine is one of the 21 amino acids and is important in the synthesis of certain hormones. Nitration of tyrosine can affect protein function, which can in turn link nitroxidative stress to alterations of molecules present in disease (Peluffo et al. 2007). Potential activation of proteins, specifically tyrosine, can…

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson’s diseases, chronic pain, etc. (m.webmd.com). Leucine is an essential amino acid and the most important for bodybuilder. Leucine has a greater power on stimulating skeletal muscle protein synthesis than any other amino acid (bodybuilding.com). Another amino acid is Lysine. It is also an essential amino acid. People use lysine to make medicine. It helps in preventing and treat cold sores caused by the virus (m.webmd.com). Alanine is the…

derivative (2a-2g- synthesis reported in chapter-1) with 1-(2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl)cyclohexanol (VF-II). All the chemicals used are of laboratory grade and purchased from local commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Melting points determined…

undergo Keto-enol tautomerization based on the pH of the environment, if the pH is less than 7, curcumin will dominate in diketone form in both solid phase and solution; while the pH is greater than 7, curcumin will favour in enol form in both solid and solution phase. Its unique characteristic provides different physical and chemical properties. 1.2. Synthesis Most of the curcuminoids have been synthesized by Pabon method from most literature reports, which through the condensation of the…

Green chemistry principles were applied to multi-step synthesis reactions; these reactions included the bromination of trans-diphenylethylene, bromination of ethyl trans-cinnamate, and debromination of 1, 2-dibromo-1, 2-diphenylethane. These reactions featured a reflux set-up, which allowed the reactions to occur at higher temperatures and aided in the prevention of the evaporation of the solvent and the loss of product thereby increasing the efficiency of the reactions. Furthermore, the…

method filtration to remove the suspended solid out that prevent occurring the obstacle. For modified, we use the ultrasound bath to remove all of the possible gas that stay inside the liquid. Then, starting SFC to run the process and using the carbon dioxide as mobile phase and using the modifier as ethanol and ethyl acetate work in organic compounds. Experiments use three different of columns. Tests carried out using each column as a single stationary phase and using a sequential combination…

A small burette funnel was filled with column packing solvent at mobile phase, high boiling petroleum, in this case hexane (and then 10%acetone hexane mixture), and Alumina as stationary phase. When adding the sand and the alumina they have to be first mixed with the hexanes in order not to disturb the column. The Lycopene is Red- Orange and more attracted to alumina due to its high degree of Unsaturation, which can be expected to be eluted after Yellow-Orange Carotene pigments. And the other…

electricity depending on the temperature and purity of the semiconductor. Q-dots range in size from 2-10 nm, so because of their small size, quantum mechanics governs the physics of the particles. The synthesis Q-Dots were first studied in 1982 by Efros and Ekimov, and then many developments have reported the synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles.1 Q-Dots have unique properties, which is emitting color depending on the size not its materials. For big particles Q-Dots have the large wavelength…

Synthesis of Nano-silica-Cl Nano-SiO2-functionalized-Cl was synthesized via surface reaction of Nano-SiO2 by using 3-chloroproyltrimethoxysilane as the silylation agent. 2.0 g of Nano-SiO2 and 50 ml of toluene were mixed into a 250 mL round…