Solid mechanics

Niels Henrick David Bohr was born in Copenhagen, Denmark on 1885. In 1911 he received his Ph.D. from Copenhagen University. Later on he moved to England to study under J.J. Thomson in Cambridge and under Ernest Rutherford in Manchester. In 1913 he published his model of the atom, which was based on Rutherford’s planetary model. After his publication of his model he received worldwide fame. Unfortunately, Bohr’s model worked only for hydrogen atoms. Which made the final atomic model yet to be…

For devices on Nano scale classical physics usually cannot explain transmission of electron through the insulating barrier with higher potential energy than kinetic energy of the tunnelling electrons and in this case the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle takes place. Barrier penetration can be explained from Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: If we were to say a particle cannot enter a barrier, we would actually say this particle is not there, i.e. its position uncertainty is Δx = 0 in the…

At (a), the surface is not inclined. When a vehicle moves around a bend or a corner on a flat road, it is moving in circular path. Therefore, it will experience centripetal acceleration and there must be an external force causing centripetal acceleration. As shown in the diagram, the only thing in contact with the car is the road, which is between the tyres of the vehicle and the surface of the road. Therefore, we can know that the frictional force exerted between the tyres and the road directed…

A drill pipe non-return valve (NRV) is essential in MPD operations. A U-tube analogy demonstrates that any positive unbalance in the annulus will result in forcing fluid up the drill pipe. [4] Referred to as a float, the NRV is usually driven by a piston. During circulation, drilling fluid forces the valve open against the spring. When pumps are off the valve is closed through a combination of the spring and wellbore pressure. [2] Figure 2.7c Rig layout for MPD operations (KCA Deutag Source…

The goals of this project are: To define the piecewise function formulas defining the coaster To create a replicated graph of the formulas To determine the maximum height of the coaster as well as the longest drop, in comparison to other great coasters in the world To determine how long the passengers will be in the air, how fast the coaster is going when hitting the “splashy zone”, and where the “splashy zone” should be built To determine the maximum height a passenger can reach during…

Protection (Caleb) Laws of motions Fimpact=maaverage=m ∆v/∆t The above equation is rather important. In below, we will talk about the safety measurement in modern cars, and the theory behind of them can be explained by this equation. This equation is derived from Newton second law F=ma, and the acceleration also can be derived to be change in velocity divided by change in time. When collision occurs, the impulse(Fimpactt) is constant, hence the only factor we can change is the time impact time…

HYPOTHESIS The main hypothesis being investigated is that a more buoyant boat will have a higher velocity. It will encounter less water resistance as less of the hull is below the water. The secondary hypothesis is that the smaller the angle x, a surface is to the water, it will be able to skim and plane across the surface better, thus achieving greater speeds. The models of the boats will be further explained in the Methodology: Boat Design section. Experiment 1: Model A will have a velocity…

Fig: Schematic representation of LHC and it's detectors The primary objective of LHC is to answer the following questions: 1. Why some particles are heavier than others? If the Higgs mechanism is valid? 2. If the super-symmetry theory is valid? If yes then if super-symmetric particles exist? 3. If the concept of dark matter and dark energy correct? 4. Why our universe is made up of matter only? 5. What was the state of matter in the early universe? 6. What will be the properties…

What chracterizes the axial flow turbine is its rotation axis. It could be placed vertically or horizontally to water surface. In this latter type the axis is parallel positioned to the incoming water stream. Also the generator can be submerged under water or non-submerged. This turbine is usually used as tidal energy converter. For small river use, the axis could be an angle inclined to the water stream. See figure \ref{Hydro_HorizontalAxis}. Hydrokinetic converters with a vertical axis…

air as the conveying media. The fluidized bed is when the air make the solid to behave like a fluid. For this experiment, two columns are use which one column are filled with sand and the other one filled with aluminum oxide. The bed height of aluminum oxide is 100 mm and have a particle size about 250 micron (mesh 60). The minimum fluidization velocity is used to determine the pressure drop. As mentioned above, when the solid behave like a fluid the bed is at fluidize state. So, minimum…