Soil science

Water is a key to organizing all creatures lives and is important in many land surface disciplines such as agriculture, hydrology and environmental science (Delworth and Manabe, 1989). Especially, soil moisture is vital of importance to plant in order to maintain its life processes biologically. Water constitutes 80 to 90% of the fresh weight of most herbaceous plant parts and more than 50% of the fresh weight of woody plants. On the other hand, increasing population and decreasing water source…

surface, the water moves and brings salt with it. As this water evaporates, it leaves the salt within the surface layers of the soil. Over time this causes the soil to become saline and limits the growth of vegetation. Salt sensitive plants begin to die and can leave the soil prone to erosion. High salt content also causes the decline of soil structure which further exacerbates soil erosion. This is extremely hazardous to the catchment although the salinity levels of the locations tested were…

along with healthy soil such as nutrients essential to plants, beneficial microorganisms, and organic additives important in organic farming systems because of the integration of biodiversity; allowing overall healthier lifestyles to all individuals willing to take initiative. The health of the soil is represented by the health and rigor of the plants growing within it. Organic farming is not only beneficial for the earth’s surface but it is also Defining Soil Formation Soil is a complex…

salinity has effect on plant growth and development. Introduction Dryland salinity refers to the increase of excess salt in the top soil and also underground water where the lands haven’t been…

including landscape organization assessment (LOA) and soil surface assessment (SSA). Firstly, we set up a 50m transect running directly up and down the slope and mapped patches and interpatches on this transect. We regarded the place where resources could be accumulated as patches, like grass, shrubs, logs or trees. Then we made soil surface assessment by choosing 3 points in each patch type randomly and collecting 11 indicators which can reflect soil quality. Hillslope scale data could describe…

sizably smaller than fires before the 20th century, where almost 30 million acres burned. The sizeable difference with today’s fires is due to the intensity of which they burn (Dickman,16). Scientists at the Harvard school of Engineering and Applied Sciences, are predicting that by 2050, wildfire seasons will be three weeks longer and twice and smokey (Roberts,1). Severe storms and forest fires will increase due to gradual climate change in the coming years (Roberts,1). One study shows that…

be stressed which in return leads to a bigger problem. These stress-factors end up harming humans because when animals are stressed is has been proven that the livestock produces ill quality meat in regards to tenderness, perishability, and color (Science Nordic). Humans want to purchase the freshest looking meat so, if the meat does not look appealing and fresh then it will not be purchased. In addition to putting the animals through stress, they are pumped with large doses of antibiotics (Food…

The use of biochar on a widespread and large-scale has thus been shown to be greatly beneficial in the fight against climate change, as well as for sustainable soil management. But before this can be seriously implemented and developed into policy, scientific evidence must be expanded to fully cover implication of its use on soil properties, processes and functions (Verheijen et al 2012). Until this has been comprehensively quantified, regulations have a higher likelihood of unsuccessfully…

stemmed from a good place, the effects were detrimental. Inorganic materials added to the soil and plants polluted the soil and water systems in and around the fields. Water pollution exposed people and the environment downstream to the lethal chemicals being used in the farm fields. Pollution and tillage resulted in lower soil quality increasing topsoil erosion. Unintentional consequences in water use, soil deprivation, and chemical runoffs have had grave environmental impacts past of areas of…

P. putida and P. fluorescens isolates were cultured in 250 ml Laurea Broth (LB) medium at 30±1 ºC for 36 h in an incubator shaker at 150 rpm. The culture was then poured into 50 ml falcon tubes and centrifuged for 10 min. at 6000 ×g at 4 ºC. The pellet was washed thrice in 15 ml distilled water and centrifuged. Then it was dissolved in distilled water and the optical density (O.D) of the culture was set at position-1 at 600 nm=107–108 colony forming units (CFU) ml-1 for inoculation (Bhuvaneswari…