separated from residential areas by 200 meters. This landfill has several cells. These cells are filled, one at a time. Before the deposition of waste in them, the earth is excavated to allow placement of a four-tier barrier system. This protects the soil and drinking water from pollutants. Also, the Leachate treatment occurs for every 30cubic meters of Leachate. This lessens the municipal sewer load. One of the most vital innovations of this landfill had to involve the UN. They use the methane…
history would be the Chernobyl Nuclear Explosion. On April 26th, 1986, the 4th reactor of the V.I. Lenin Nuclear Power Plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine exploded, allowing for innumerable amounts of toxic radiation to be spewed into the air. Radioactive contamination was spread over 100,000 square kilometers of land and reached 34 different countries, Ukraine receiving the worst of it (cited by Nelson, 2010, p. 13). Dr. Vladimir M. Chernousenko of the Institute for Theoretical Physics and Academy of…
selected and sampled within each river on four separate occasions: 20-22 July, 10 August, 20-22 September, and 21-22 November 2011. The values were compared to measured precipitation rates: 27.5mm, 0mm, 222mm and 0mm respectively. Radiocaesium contamination concentrations along with various other water quality parameters were assessed. It was found that the rate of discharge strongly correlates with the amount of radiocaesium concentrations found within the samples. Both dissolved and…
An important chemical property of soil that can affect herbicide persistence is pH. Soil composition is a physical factor determined by the relative amounts of sand, silt, and clay in the soil (the soil texture), as well as by the organic-matter content. The types and abundance of soil microorganisms present in the soil make up the microbial aspects of the soil environment. Generally, soils high in clay, organic matter, or both have a greater potential for herbicide…
1.1 Case Study Sumatera has one of the largest rain forests in Indonesia as well as in South East Asia. Sumatera Forest basically has peat soil type that caused easier to burn. Estimated between 7.3 to 9.7 hectares are covered by peat lands or roughly a quarter of the entire area of peat lands in the tropics (Hisyam, Damanik, Anwar, 1984). Sumatera Forest Fires are the one of the serious problem in Indonesia. It happened almost every year. However, some of the biggest were happening in 1982,…
guarantee Act 1988 (VIC). It is in the Bioregion of the Victorian Volcanic Plain, the catchment area is Corangamite, and the EVC is 55 Plain Grassy Woodlands. The reserve is 11-hectare triangle-shaped area, soil is sandy/stony loam, greyish brown in colour, ph. 6.5, water repellent is low with soil strength moderately firm, there is medium amount of…
landfills, using compost persuades gardeners from using chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are responsible for water contamination. For excessive enrichment of ponds, rivers and lakes is due to an overuse of chemical fertilizers. Due to composting preventing the use of chemical fertilizers this will put help put an end to water contamination. Therefore, yes, compost can have safety and health concerns, but compost is helping benefit our environment, while putting…
population, must come into contact with the environmental medium (Simon, 2014). The environmental mediums are soil, water, air, and biota. The concentration of the pesticide present must be determined in order to calculate a dose. Also, with each individual medium there will be a level of variability and uncertainty that must be considered. Contamination concentrations in the soil will be highly variable. This is due to the application of the pesticide. The areas directly where the…
surface or land for instance vegetation cover such as forest, shrub/bushland, and grassland and water. Whereas land cover can be defined as the attributes of the earth’s land surface covered by vegetation, desert, water bodies like lake, sea, ocean, bare soil and ice (Chrysoulakis et al., 2004; Lambin et al., 2003). Land use is characterized by the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it (Gregorio, 2005). While land use…
This is because plants that are being grown with hydroponics don 't touch the soil at all, and a All the nutrients provided to the plants its controlled. aAnother positive outcome of the hydroponics is that this process also reduces the contamination. During what we would call conventional farming, a lots of pesticides, chemicals and both organic and nonorganic fertilizer are being used. In conventional farming…