Sodium

The purpose of this lab is to understand the effect that dissolved impurities will have on the freezing point of a mixture and what additive will affect the the freezing point the most. The freezing point of a liquid is, the point of a substance when the temperature of the solid and the liquid is equal. When water freezes the water molecules become organized and come closer together forming crystal particles of ice.When a solute (like salt) and a solvent (like water) mix together the salt…

Titrating Vinegar with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Introduction Acids are anions that have at least one hydrogen cation tacked onto their molecular formulas. The Bronsted definition of an acid states that acid is a proton, H+, donor.3 Acids can fall into one of two categories: they can be strong or weak. Strong acids completely dissociate their H+ and weak acids only partially dissociate their H+.3 This means that a strong acid cannot return to its initial state once it undergoes a reaction. On the…

assigned with glucose and sucrose. Diluting 1 M of sodium chloride with water made six solutions. The six solutions ranging from 0M to 1M were prepared. These 6 solutions composed of 50 mL of solutions with different concentration of NaCl. The uses of concentrations of NaCl were 0M, 0.2M, 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M, and 1M. Then 6 equally sized and shaped cylinders of potato were obtained and weighed initially. Then these 6 potatoes were put inside of the sodium chloride solutions. After 45 minutes, the 6…

water to make a light bulb shine? It sounds crazy, but it's true! This is because salt water is a good conductor of electricity. Salt molecules are made of sodium ions and chlorine ions. (An ion is an atom that has an electrical charge because it has either gained or lost an electron.) When you put salt in water, the water molecules pull the sodium and chlorine ions apart so they are floating freely. These ions are what carry electricity through water. What happens is the solution of the water…

skeletal muscle, the heart muscle depolarizes automatically when external stimuli are not present. This is called automaticity, which happens when the plasma membranes in heart muscle cells allow sodium to leak into the cell at a faster rate than potassium is moving across the membrane (book). The sodium moving inside the cell causes it to progressively…

Soap and Detergent Soap and Detergent are the cornerstones of human cleanliness. Soap is, “a substance used with water for washing and cleaning, made of a compound of natural oils or fats with sodium hydroxide or another strong alkali, and typically having perfume and coloring added”( Soap 2018 ). Detergent is, “ a water-soluble cleansing agent that combines with impurities and dirt to make them more soluble and differs from soap in not forming a scum with the salts in hard water” ( Detergent…

There are several different reactions that can be utilized in order to end with a product that includes the synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds, however for this experiment the reaction that was utilized is aldol condensation. An aldol condensation is when an enolizable aldehyde or ketone undergoes a reaction, in the presence of a base or acid, and gives a beta unsaturated ketone or aldehyde (Utah Valley University, 2009). This type of reaction can also add carbonyls to a compound, using similar…

Obtain a piece of paper that is approximately 5cm x 10cm, and tear it into small fragments. Place the pieces of paper on a watch glass, and light the paper with a match. Observe and record reactions. Deposit a microspatula of NaCL (sodium chloride) into a test tube, and dilute the substance by infiltrating approximately an inch of water to the test tube. Let the NaCL dissolve into the water by shaking the test tube with one’s thumb over the opening of the test tube. Using a dropper, place…

Introduction Finally, a warm day after a harsh winter, so what can you expect, all the ice/snow melting and flowing into our drains or into our grass, soil, and plants (Gould, 2013). Alongside with the ice/snow melting away into our environments so is that salt that was previously used to treat the roads (Gould, 2013). Roadside vegetation can become injured or die to due to the runoff from the treated pavements (Gould, 2013). The salt used for treated pavements is usually chloride-based and is…

unknown, we needed to have a set amount of the unknown salt, and then add measured amounts of water to determine the minimum amount needed to completely dissolve the salt. The cation test told whether the unknown contained barium, calcium, potassium, sodium, strontium, lithium, copper, or magnesium. Given a chart of the colors that each burn, lit the unknown on fire with a bunsen burner and compared the flame color with the colors in the chart. In order to identify the anion, we needed to…