Sodium sulfate

Limiting reactants occur in a reaction when one of the reactants runs out and there is excess of another reactant. It is important to understand limiting reactants because it allows us to adjust the amount of chemicals we need to create a product without having excess chemicals. On October 5, 2017, we completed a lab in which we determined which chemical was the limiting reactant in a reaction by adding each chemical to the excess chemical and observing which formed a precipitate. II. Data,…

The sodium-potassium pumps is a plasma membrane transport protein and serve to push an ion into a cell against its concentration gradient. This type of action is known as active transport because it needs the energy to be able to move the ions against their concentration gradient. Generally, the solutes being pushed in or out of a cell will go from a low concentration gradient to a high concentration gradient. The sodium-potassium pump is crucial to kidney function, nerve signaling, and heart…

threshold. In order to reach this threshold, a cell must depolarize. Typically, cells depolarize with the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. During the rising phase of the action potential, these channels allow positive sodium ions to flow into the cell in what is called the depolarization phase. The flow of these ions into the cell is often referred to as the sodium current. Once the cell is depolarized, voltage-gated potassium channels are signaled to open, allowing potassium to flow…

Soap and Detergent Soap and Detergent are the cornerstones of human cleanliness. Soap is, “a substance used with water for washing and cleaning, made of a compound of natural oils or fats with sodium hydroxide or another strong alkali, and typically having perfume and coloring added”( Soap 2018 ). Detergent is, “ a water-soluble cleansing agent that combines with impurities and dirt to make them more soluble and differs from soap in not forming a scum with the salts in hard water” ( Detergent…

chloride and silver nitrate reacted to form barium nitrate and silver chloride. The precipitate at station one was silver chloride. Both reactions at station two did not react. Station three had a reaction occur between sodium carbonate and calcium sulfate forming sodium sulfate and calcium carbonate. The precipitate was calcium carbonate. Station four formed a…

Experiment 5: Anions and Redox Reactions Introduction (a) Objectives General: To examine the importance of potassium permanganate as an oxidising agent and the strong powers of halogens in oxidation. Part 1 Determining the colour associated with a certain halogen by adding a sample of the halogen to cyclohexane and recording the colours observed. Part 2 Identifying a halogen referring to the colours recorded in part 1, by reacting the halogen with a halide and observing the colour present.…

hChemical kinetics deals with the rates of chemical processes. Any chemical process is considered to consist of number of one or more single-step step which are known as elementary reactions elementary processes or elementary steps. Elementary reactions may involve dissociation or isomerisation of a single reactant molecule, which is referred as unimolecular step. Also there may be a single collision between two molecules, which is referred as a bimolecular step. It should be noted that…

This report gives an information which is related to the reaction between acidified potassium iodide and hydrogen peroxide. Before calculating the rate of this reaction, the reaction will be carried out 3 times and values will be got. A special timer will be used to measure the time. It could be expected and argued that each time will be able differ from the others in each reaction and it can be explained by changing the quantity of hydrogen peroxide. At the final, it will be obviously observed…

Research Question How does the change in hydrochloric acid concentration affect the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3(aq)) and hydrochloric acid (HCL(aq))? Background to the Research question Collision Theory Back in 1916, scientists William Lewis and Max Trautz proposed the collision theory, which qualitatively explains how chemical reactions take place and why reaction rates change for various reactions. Chemical reactions involve collisions amongst reactant particles or…

Discussion The results of this experiment for the hypotonic treatment group did support the tested hypothesis that urine production rate should increase, while salt concentration and specific gravity of urine should decrease for this group. For the isotonic treatment group, the tested hypothesis was supported in that the specific gravity and salt concentration went up slightly, but was not supported in that the the urine production rate did not greatly increase over time. The findings for the…