Sodium hydroxide

fitted with a heating mantle, mechanical stirrer, thermometer and reflux condenser, 0.5 mol of MOPE, 1.1 mol of epichlorohydrin and 300 mL of isopropanol were added to the flask. The mixture was heated to 60oC for 15 min. Subsequently 1.25 mol of sodium hydroxide in 500 mL water was…

A stir bar and 4.67 mL of 2.5 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) was added into the 25-mL round-bottomed flask containing the isobornyl acetate. This flask was then attached to a water-cooled condenser and rested on top of a heating sand bath on a hotplate. The mixture remained in reflux for one hour. Then…

In this study, we developed an anthracene-based fluorescence PET sensor (AMG) was developed for detecting high pH values and water content in organic solvents. A guanidine group as a proton receptor was covalently attached to an anthracene fluorophore to afford highly polar AMG, with reasonable solubility in highly basic solution. The fluorescence of AMG increased almost linearly with decreasing pH in the range 11.0–13.0. AMG also exhibited a fluorescence turn-on response to water in various…

of a particular substance per a given volume of liquid. The DO concentration in a stream is the mass of the oxygen gas present, in mg/L or ppm. Two methods are used: 1. Titrimetic method 2. Electrometric method Calculation DO= volume of sodium thiosulfate * 0.2* 1000/ volume of sample K.DTERMINATION OF BOD: BOD was obtained by titrimetric method. Biological oxygen demand (B.O.D) is the amount of oxygen required for the microorganisms (bacteria) present in the waste water to convert…

concentration the unknown was determined. Although there was no hypothesis made before the experiment as it was not required. With the required equipment, Hydrochloric acid was poured into a burette upto 0mL. A pipette was used to gather 25.0 cm3 of Sodium Hydroxide and transfer it into a Beaker. However during the experiment, 25.0 cm3 was converted into dm3, which resulted as 0.0250 dm3. The Beaker was placed underneath the Burette during the titration process. During the setup, a temperature…

Since acetic acid is considered a weak acid (strong within the scale of weak acids), there is a range at which the acetic acid and acetate will form a stable buffer. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for buffers, it’s possible to calculate the pH based on the ratio of acid to conjugate base, or calculate the ratio given the pH and pKa value. Finding charge on a protonated amine: The pKa value given for the amino group on any amino acid specifically refers to the equilibrium between the…

1.4 Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)Type Formula F12 was utilized to study the effect of changing the type of MCC(Avecil PH-101 ) as a carrier material instead of (Avecil PH-102) in F8 on the dissolution behavior of the prepared Zolmitriptan liquisolid ODTs. Although the DT of formula F12 (79 sec.) was greater than F8 (48 sec.) as in Table(18),the dissolution behavior of the formula F12 was faster than F8 as in Table (18) and Figure (48), this difference was non…

Experiment 1 and 2 Recrystallization: Purification of Solids and Melting points Purpose: In the fist experiment, impure Vanillin was purified through the process of recrystallization. Desired solutes were recovered through the technique of vacuum filtration, and then dried to take percent recovery In the second experiment, a percent recovery of the recrystallized Vanillin from the first experiment was performed. The percent recovery of Vanillin was 77.18% A mixed…

TRIS Hcl, NBT, NADH, Ethanol, PMS, l-ascorbic acid 1. The superoxide radicals is generated in 3 ml of TrisHCl buffer (16 mM, pH 8.0) containing 1 ml of NBT (50 μM), 1 ml NADH (78 μM) and ethanol extract of sample (25 – 50 μg). 2. The reaction was started by adding 1 ml of PMS solution (10 μM) to the mixture. 3. The reaction mixture was incubated at 25° C for 5 min, the absorbance was read at 560 nm using a spectrophotometer (Schimadzu UV-Vis 1700) against blank samples using l- ascorbic acid…

The unique composition and purity of as-deposited SnS2 thin films prepared with different precursor solution volumes from 5 ml to 25ml were determined by EDX analysis as shown in fig 5, which brought out the presence of Tin and Sulfur as elementary components. Two different peaks were observed in the spectrums from fig 5 relevant to the tin and sulfur. The EDX spectra show that the weight percentage for the film prepared at the precursor solution volume of 5 ml is 36.8% and 63.2%, which is…