Sodium hydroxide

(AIBN) were purchased from Merck (Hohenbrunn, Germany). MAA was distilled under vacuum to remove the inhibitor prior to polymerization. To clean the inhibitor from EDMA, it was washed with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide three times, followed by washing with pure water, and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Ultra pure water used for HPLC analysis and MISPE process were obtained from a Direct.Q3 Water Purification System (Millipore Corporation, USA). Bentazon standard solutions were…

Acid-base chemistry can be used to separate the components of a mixture, if one or more of those components are acidic or basic, based on the solubility of that mixture. Solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent and it’ll usually form a solution. An extraction is when compounds are dissolved from a solid into a solvent or from a solution into another solvent. Solvent-solvent is when nonaqueous solvents and reagents are used to remove an element from an aqueous solution. The…

reactions of the chemical reactions that each compound undertook. The four following acids and bases were used to predict when a set amount of reactant would reach equilibrium: Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid), NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), and Ba(OH)2 (Barium hydroxide). An unbalanced equation of each reaction was given so the balanced equation was then able to be calculated. These are as follows including the theoretical ratio between the acid and base: HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl…

and objective of this experiment was to determine the percent by mass of acetic acid within a sample of vinegar using volumetric analysis with the titration technique. The theory is that if the volume and molar concentration of the standardized sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is known, then the percent by mass of the acetic acid (CH3COOH) in vinegar can be calculated after a titration.1 Within this experiment, a NaOH solution was standardized with a primary standard acid of potassium hydrogen…

Those reactants combine together and produce different products including copper (II) chloride and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). The two above reactions require certain industry equipment and should not be done in a lab that is why those synthesis methods are completed in the industrial area. But there are other reactions that can be done in a laboratory setting…

Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of a water to resist changes in pH. Alkalinity in water is due to the presence of weak acid systems that consume by hydrogen ion produced by other reactions, allowing chemical or biological activities to take place within a water without changing the pH (1). In this way the alkalinity protects aquatic life. The measured value may vary considerably with the end-point pH used. Alkalinity is a measure of an aggregate property of water and can be interpreted…

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the identity of nine solutions using the results of reacting pairs of solutions in an organized systematic manner. Known solutions were used on the first day. The second day, the solutions were placed in code-labeled bottles. The reactions from the previous day were then used to help identify which solutions were which, by closely monitoring which unknown solutions mixed with other unknowns and how they reacted, such as: color changes,…

The values calculated through experimentally extrapolated values compare to the the expected theoretical values of these heats with a degree of error. In most cases the values found through experiment were higher than the expected value by one or two kilojoules. This discrepancy causes a 2-5% error in the values calculated. The causes of this degree of error could be sources of errors due to the equipment and set up of the experiment. The experiment is not a perfectly isolated system which could…

Racheal A. Krasner Professor Garfield Beckford CHEM 1211 L 25 September 2015 Lab Report Concerning Acid-Base Titrations The purpose of this experiment was to recognize the procedures for conducting acid-base titrations. Each acid-base titration used one solution to analyze another; it also involved the use of an indicator, which denoted the endpoint of the titration. The indicator used was phenolphthalein; it produced a pink hue when the titrations reached their endpoints – between pH 8 and pH…

complex equipmentation but more elaborate chemical operation under which morphine is refluxed with acetic anhydride for about 5 hours results into the formation of Diacetyl morphine, i.e., heroin. It is seperated when the solution gets neutralize with sodium carbonate or washing soda in which heroin gets separated as a precipitate. It is collected and purified by treating it with hydrochloric acid by which Heroin hydrochloride salt is obtained. Heroin is also called as ‘brown sugar’, in maxico…