Sodium compounds

Paracrine Signaling Signals that act locally between cells that are close together are called paracrine signals. Paracrine signals move by diffusion through the extracellular matrix. These types of signals usually elicit quick responses that last only a short amount of time. In order to keep the response localized, paracrine ligand molecules are normally quickly degraded by enzymes or removed by neighboring cells. Removing the signals will reestablish the concentration gradient for the signal,…

potential of Neuron A (presynaptic neuron) reaches -60mV the sodium and potassium channels in the neuron open at the beginning of the axon. The influx of positive sodium ions into the cell makes the inside of the cell more positive and leaves the outside of the cell more negative. The cell is at rest at -70mV and as it gets more positive, it reaches threshold (gets more excited). This change in electrical potential also excites neighboring sodium and potassium channels to open up in a chain…

Purpose: The objective is to separate the heterogeneous mixture of salt, iron filings, and salt into each pure form using filtration, evaporation, and magnetism. Background: When separating a mixture, preferably to separate a mixture that includes a soluble liquid and a insoluble solid, filtration is the best because solid molecules are bigger than liquid molecules. A filter contains pores that are small enough to let small partials though the pores while holding back the larger particles.…

It is well known that all organisms require at least some water to survive, even the most hardy creature on the planet earth, the tardigrade, Hypsibius dujardini, which can survive near complete dehydration, exposure to extreme radiation, vacuum, temperature and pressure, must be rejuvenated with water if it is to resume life after near complete desiccation (Gabriel, et al. 2007). H. dujardini, famous for surviving some of the harshest conditions of any organism we know of, is a perfect example…

1. Observation. - Compound X is a white powder. It is a solid. 2. Questions. - What is compound X? - What will happen when compound X is heated and reacted with C20H14O4 (phenolphthalein – an acid-base indicator)? (1) - How does compound X react with C20H14O4 (phenolphthalein)? (2) - How does compound X react with water? (3) - How does compound X react with hydro chloric acid (HCL)? (4) 3. Predictions. - Compound X is calcium carbonate (CaCO3). - (1) When compound X is heated and reacted with…

The rate at which a reaction occurs, referred to as reaction rate, is a type of reaction property that directly measures the extent of a reaction. Changes in concentration affect reaction rates in chemical formulas, and if the reaction is not specifically known, the rate cannot be determined. The rates are given in negative or positive measurements depending on whether the concentration is a reactant or product. Knowing this, the first step in finding the reaction rate would be to determine the…

Purpose This lab experiment is divided into two parts A an B . In part A , we will start with our given solution of and synthesize a number of copper compounds by chemical reactions and observing every colour change and appearance, As a final step of part A , we will recover copper metal . In Part B we will synthesize two copper (I) compounds and observe their reactions . However we also get to learn using new techniques for instance , Decantation technique , vacuum filtration…

Research Question: To compare the enthalpy change of reaction of 3 neutralization reactions by using 3 different acids of distinct pH. The same base of NaOH will be used in all three experiments. Introduction: Chemical reactions always have energy change. Energy in the form of heat, if liberated is known as exothermic and if absorbed in the reaction is known as endothermic. When a reaction carried out under standard condition at a of temperature 298K and 1 atm of pressure and 1 mole of water…

initial hypothesis. However, I believe the data would be more consistent and solid had 2M and 4M of NaCl had been included in the experiment, rather than jumping from 1M to 3M to 5M. Discussion: For this lab experiment, the independent variable is the sodium chloride, as it was the variable being manipulated throughout the course of the experiment. The dependent variable is the boiling point temperature, as it was the variable being measured. The experimental control is the water that received…

M & M Three oranges were cut in half and then placed over the juicer. The oranges were then pressed down, while being twisted allowing the juices from the oranges to be collected in the tray below. The orange juice in the trays were then poured into a 250ml beaker with cheese cloth on top of it. The cheesecloth caught the larger pieces of pulp from the oranges while allowing the juice to pass. The orange juice was then transferred into six 1.5ml centrifuge tubes. The six centrifuge were then…