Sodium citrate

the brochure and the position paper was the controversial issue of lethal injections; if it goes against the Constitution or not. The most interesting thing I have learned throughout my research is that one of the drugs used in the lethal injection, sodium thiopental, is commonly used for general surgery. It puts the prisoner into a medically induced coma. The two other drugs used are pancuronium bromide and potassium bromide. Pancuronium bromide stops neuromuscular activity to skeletal muscles…

with the charges of the solvent. For instance, sodium chloride dissolves in water because the sodium cation has a positive charge and the chlorine anion has a negative charge. The water molecules also have partial charges because the oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, pulling electrons toward itself, producing a partial negative charge with a resultant partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. The charges between the sodium chloride and the water interact leading to a…

observing the mole reactions of the chemical reactions that each compound undertook. The four following acids and bases were used to predict when a set amount of reactant would reach equilibrium: Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid), NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), and Ba(OH)2 (Barium hydroxide). An unbalanced equation of each reaction was given so the balanced equation was then able to be calculated. These are as follows including the theoretical ratio between the acid and base: HCl +…

extraction is more efficient. It is then extracted using dichloromethane (DCM) and maceration. The chlorophyll and β-carotene pigments are dissolved into the organic DCM layer which is polar and does not mix with water. The solution is then washed with sodium chloride (NaCl) to draw out any remaining water left in the solution that was not dried out by the ethanol. [1] Water will move toward the more hypertonic solution and separate from the DCM extract. After successful separation of the…

ethyl acetate and hydrochloric acid do not mix then the caffeine is separated from the paracetamol and ethyl acetate mixture. The aqueous layer is separated into a conical flask and then into a clean separating funnel to which sufficient amount of sodium hydroxide solution is added until the solution is alkali to universal paper. This allows for the caffeine to be restored to a neutral charge, then 10cm3 of ethyl acetate is added which is soluble in caffeine but immiscible to the aqueous layer…

of purified CuI was weighed and was added into a solution of 6ml of 5M of NH4OH and 200ml of water. Solution was transferred to 250ml volumetric flask. Ph was adjusted to 8-9 by adding 6 drops of 10% ammonium citrate. 1ml of solution was dispensed from a burette. 2ml of 10% ammonium citrate and 10ml of deionised water were added. 10 drops of 5M of NH4OH and 3ml of 0.1% cuprizone solution were added. Solution was transferred to a 25ml volumetric flask, UV-VIS absorption spectrum of 400-700nm was…

Those reactants combine together and produce different products including copper (II) chloride and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). The two above reactions require certain industry equipment and should not be done in a lab that is why those synthesis methods are completed in the industrial area. But there are other reactions that can be done in a laboratory setting…

Performance of centrifugal pump CONTENTS Table of figures 2 Objective 3 Introduction 3 Theory 3 Observe result 4 Sample calculation 10 Discussion of the result 11 Conclusion 11 References 12 Table of figures Figure1. Experimental calculation for pump 1(30HZ) 4 Figure2. Operating characteristic curve (pump1 30Hz) 5 Figure3. Experimental calculation for pump 1(40HZ) 6 Figure4. Operating…

DISCUSSION 6.1 FTIR SPECTROSCOPY It was observed from the FTIR graph that there was no shifting of peaks of metronidazole i,e., characteristic peak of the amine group (N-H streching) present in imidazole nucleus at 1030 cm-1 and presence of NH2 group at 3298 cm-1 in formulation. Hence, there was no interaction between drug and polymer. 6.2 METRONIDAZOLE MICROSPHERES 6.2.1 Optimization of speed (rpm) for preparation of microspheres Metronidazole microspheres were prepared using emulsion…

Analytical Method Validation of Sylimarin The λmax of Sylimarin in ethyl alcohol and PBS was found to be 286 nm and 322nm, respectively. The drug follows linearity in the concentration range 2–20 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient value of 0.998 and 0.999 for in ethyl alcohol and PBS, respectively. The accuracy of the method was checked by recovery. The % recovery was found to be in the range of 99.54– 100.98% in ethyl alcohol and 98.94– 101.4% in PBS, respectively. The precision of the…