Sodium citrate

How can we differentiate acids and bases? How do we know if a substance is an acid or a base? There are different methods to discover whether a substance is an acid or a base. One of the methods is by using an acid-base indicator or by identifying hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a substance’s chemical formula. Certain materials such as a plastic template, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper, phenolphthalein, universal indicator, and a pH chart can be used to help us distinguish acids and bases.…

1. 4 agar plates were poured several days ahead in preparation for this experiment. They were stored in a Ziploc bag in the refrigerator until ready to use. 2. To perform this experiment are the: cultures of E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and S. epidermidis, three plastic inoculation loops, candle and lighter, three poured nutrient agar plates, a disposable cup, alcohol, paper towels, bleach, a permanent marker, gloves, mask, apron, and goggles. 3. Be sure to wash hands carefully with disinfectant…

barium chloride and silver nitrate reacted to form barium nitrate and silver chloride. The precipitate at station one was silver chloride. Both reactions at station two did not react. Station three had a reaction occur between sodium carbonate and calcium sulfate forming sodium sulfate and calcium carbonate. The precipitate was calcium carbonate. Station four formed a…

Introduction The Objective was to determine the mass percent composition of the mixture using a chemical reaction and stoichiometry mixture Na2CO3 and NaHCO3. To do the lab by using the constant mass. Constant mass is a quantitative chemistry technique where a single chemical species or group reactants is heated with constant weighing until the mass does not change. After heated the Na2HCO3 will undergo a decomposition and Na2CO3 will not undergo reaction. The balanced equation is…

A clean flame test wire was inserted into 0.2 M NaCl and also placed on the flame reputedly. A bright yellow persistent flame was a positive test of sodium being presented, then repeat the same instructions for the unknown ion. After the flame test wire was clean 0.2M KCl was dipped into the flame resulted a lavender color after several trials as well as the unknown solution. 10 drops of 0.1M Ca(NO3)2 in a test tube and 2-3 drops of 1M Na2C2O4, a white precipitate of calcium was present. The…

Purpose: To find the pH of different household items and to see what substances are acids or bases. To see how different substances neutralize each other. Hypothesis: I hypothesize that cleaning products will be bases and foods and substances we ingest will be acids. Materials: • Oil • Finesse Shampoo • Anti Freeze • Drain Opener • Hand Soap • Vinegar • Oxy clean • Pine-Sol • Hydrogen Peroxide • Apple Juice • Ammonia Procedure: 1. All materials were gathered, and safety goggles were put on.…

Amnion Tissue In this project, I also with amnion tissue collection, ChIP preparation and Real-time PCR technique. The aim of this work was to determine the gene activating H3K4me3 and gene repressing H3K27me3 levels and their ratios at the promoter regions of NAMPT inflammatory gene. Collection of Tissue Fetal membranes were collected from women undergoing elective cesarean section at absence of labour [not in labour (NIL), n = 5], during active labour [in labour (IL), n = 4] and preterm (n=5)…

(AIBN) were purchased from Merck (Hohenbrunn, Germany). MAA was distilled under vacuum to remove the inhibitor prior to polymerization. To clean the inhibitor from EDMA, it was washed with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide three times, followed by washing with pure water, and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Ultra pure water used for HPLC analysis and MISPE process were obtained from a Direct.Q3 Water Purification System (Millipore Corporation, USA). Bentazon standard solutions were…

vitamin c, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, deionized water and the following chemicals: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen phthalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate. When it comes to these chemicals, make sure to wear the general protective personal equipment and handle with caution because these chemicals can burn. (MSDS Solution Center) For week one, the students first had to prepare the sodium hydroxide and the hydrochloric acid. Both of these were done by taking a graduated…

Benzimidazole and its derivatives were synthesized according to the reported literature (Wagner EC et al., 1943). The compounds are benzimidazole ;1-(4-((1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) methylamino) phenyl) ethanone; 2-butyl-1H-benzimidazole; 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole. The stock solutions are prepared by dissolving the compound in DMSO. Antimicrobial activity was tested by the disc-diffusion method under standard conditions using Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) and the antibiotics used as listed below, Table…