Sodium citrate

Batch adsorption experiments Adsorption of the Pb2+ ions by the Fe3O4@GMA-AAm nanocomposite was measured from batch adsorption experiments by mixing 10 mg of adsorbent with an aqueous solution containing a predetermined concentration of Pb2+ ions (50 mL). The mixture was shaken at 200 rpm to reach equilibrium. After a specified time, the solid and liquid were separated by external magnet and the concentrations of Pb2+ ions were measured by AAS. To find the optimized pH in adsorption of Pb2+ ions…

Sterile Saline (0.9% w/v NaCl) Dissolve 9.0gm of NaCl in 1000ml water and dispense 9.0ml of the solution into 20ml test tubes. Autoclave the tubes as per the validated cycle and cool to room temperature. Sterile saline with polysorbate 80: Dissolve 9.0gm of NaCl in 1000ml water and add .5gm of tween 80 to the resulting saline solution, dispense 9.0 ml of the solution into a number of 20ml test tubes. Autoclave the tubes Preparation of Inoculums and its Standardization: 1) Take loop full of…

Proximate analysis The analysis result of proximate composition of dried laver (P. species) has presented in Table 1. In our study, the crude protein of commercial dried laver was found to be (42.99 ± 0.051g/100g DW) and the moisture content was (9.40 ± 0.056 g/100g DW). The ash content was found (10.30 ± 0.033 g/100g DW). Laver, in this study, contained a very small amount of crude lipids (0.49 ± 0.04 g/100g DW). The total dietary fibre of dried laver was (31.63 ±0.032 g/100g DW). The total and…

Sodium alginate (SA) is a natural anionic polysaccharide obtained from sea weeds. It contains β-D-mannuronate (M) and α-L-glucuronate (G) residues linked by (1-4)- glycosidic linkages (Fig. 7.1) and arranged in homopolymeric blocks of each type and in heteropolymeric blocks [1]. It is a water soluble polysaccharide and has pKa values of 3.38 for the ‘M’ and 3.65 for ‘G’ units [2]. It can form complexes with positively charged polymers due to its anionic character. It is utilized as emulsifier,…

On identification of sulphuric acid, the following tests were performed expecting the evolution of carbon dioxide on reaction of the acid with carbonates. Therefore, among the soluble solids, (10) exhibited effervescence and was suspected to be sodium carbonate due to its solubility. The powders and crystals were divided depending on their solubility in deionised water. The two insoluble powders were suspected to be zinc carbonate and aluminium oxide. (6) was identified as zinc carbonate due…

The purpose of this experiment was to learn techniques to determine the freezing point of a pure benzophenone, a solvent. Furthermore, methods for determining the freezing point depression in relation to the solute, cyclohexanone, concentration were employed in addition to learning what molality is and how it related to the colligative properties being studied. These objectives were achieved by melting both pure benzophenone and benzophenone/cyclohexanone solutions (two solutions with…

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the presence of the analgesic compounds acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, and salicylamide in the over-the-counter medications Anacin, Bufferin, Excedrin, and Tylenol. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyze solutions of the medications; the TLC plates were visualized using ultraviolet light and iodine staining.The ten micropipets used to spot the TLC plates were made from glass capillary tubes by heating the middle of each tube in a…

Then, it was simply a matter of solving for the unknown metal and once we found how much the metal weighed, a quick glance at our periodic table identified the metal as sodium. The low percent error of 0.377% is indicative of the accuracy of this experiment. Possible sources of error include the unknown carbonate absorbing water during the heating and cooling process. There also may have been human error when the solid…

In this unit of my 9th grade Physical Science, we are learning and experiencing with labs. In this week's experiment, my class did the paper towel lab. Here, we tested the quality of three different paper towel brands, Viva, Up&Up, and Bounty. Each lab group was testing for a certain quality of each brand, such as strength and absorbency. Through different experiments, each lab group came to the conclusion that one paper towel brand had more strength or better absorbency than the other two. My…

Synthesis of reactive iron Chemical reduction method of Ferric chloride by sodium borohydride following reaction (Eq.1), was used to synthesize ZVI [14]. 〖2FeCl〗_3+〖6NaBH〗_4+〖18H〗_2 O→〖2Fe〗^0+〖21H〗_2+〖6B(OH)〗_3+6NaCl (1) Ferric chloride hexahydrate solution was prepared by dissolving 5 g of FeCl_3.H_2 O (99.0%, Junsei Chemical Co., Japan) in 125 mL of deoxygenated deionized (DI) water. Moreover, 3.5 g of Sodium borohydride (NaBH_4, 98.0%, Sigma–Aldrich Inc., USA) were dissolved in 125 mL…