Sociocultural evolution

2.RELATED WORK The artificial bee colony (ABC), an optimization technique is based upon the intelligent moving behavior of honey bee swarm was proposed by Karaboga in 2005. This kind of new Meta heuristic is inspired by the clever foraging behavior of honey bee swarm. The criteria presented in the work is for numerical function optimization. The advantage of ABC is that the global search ability in the algorithm is implemented by introducing neighborhood source production mechanism. Rao et al.…

life, several miraculous things take place, and among those things is change. Change that can start a chain reaction over decades, centuries, even millenia. We call these changes evolution. There are, however, several doubts in the minds of people; most commonly, those people who believe in the words of the Bible. If evolution is a real thing, then how could those changes happen in the short time the Bible claims the Earth has been created for? Hasn’t God already made everything he wants in the…

Malaysia has two states on the island of Borneo, known as Sabah and Sarawak which well known as Land Below the Wind and Land of Hornbills. According to Bujang (2002), a lot of ethnics group is one of uniqueness of Sabah and Sarawak. Basically, do you ever know the ethnics in Borneo? Abraham (1999) states that ‘ethnicity is seen as crucial in understanding the functioning of most contemporary societies including multi-cultural societies in Malaysia. In Sarawak, the Ibans is an indigenous tribe in…

debated against the creation account in Genesis, or the faith-based theory. Darwin’s theory of evolution juxtaposed against the Genesis creation account allows for one to believe fully in only one of these creation accounts when discussing the creation of man, despite having other beliefs on various ideas. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution provides scientific evidence to suggest that humans came from an evolution of different species throughout the course of time. For example, Darwin’s theory is…

Presumably your self-awareness begins at conception, and thus there is self-awareness even at the cellular level. Now if you, and here 'you' could be a plant or a microbe, respond to stimuli (external or internal), then you are self-aware, albeit awareness of self comes in degrees - a mammal is more self-aware than a cactus even though both can respond to stimuli. If you respond to stimuli in a way that's not predictable by the laws of physics then you are self-aware. A rock cannot be a 'you'…

Microbiology in itself is such a vital field which contributes and continuously defines the world in which we live in. Charles Darwin once stated “Each living creature must be looked at as a microcosm--a little universe, formed of a host of self-propagating organisms, inconceivably minute and as numerous as the stars in heaven” (Goodreads, 2015). I really liked this quote because I think it explains the vastness that microbiology possesses. We tend to look at the world seeing one individual…

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SIZE Effect of Surface Area on the number of species in biodiversity. Yes, there is a relationship between species diversity and size, the smaller the habitat the less diversity of species there will be. Species diversity is the variety of organisms that make up a community It has two components: • SPECIES RICHNESS: is the total number of different species in the area • RELATIVE ABANDANCE: is the proportion each species represents in that certain…

In the literature, different equations are used to calculate the energy requirement for birds (Emmans, 1974, Peguri and Coon, 1988, NRC, 1994, Sakomura et al., 1993, 2006), the factorial model has been the basis for the elaboration from these models, estimating the requirements consider the differences in weights, body composition, potential for growth and production of the animals, as well as the environment. The factorial method is based on the principle that the requirement in energy or…

According to Easthope, the concept of hybridity could be generally understood from three aspects—“biology, ethnicity and culture” (Easthope 341). Its etymology, “hybrida” that derives from biology, means a “genetic component”—two species could produce the offspring inherited some characters from, but not being any one of, both species. Its ethnical meaning refers to “an individual ‘having access to two or more ethnic identities’,” which, in Easthope’s sense, has its own limitations, for it…

As a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology major, English courses have always been viewed as inferior and subpar to STEM courses. Throughout the course, much of what was studied and the concepts that were introduced surprisingly fell in line with those of a scientist. Although science does involve quantitative analysis and calculations, it must all be translated into a dissertation explaining qualitative details. As the Winter quarter comes to a close, I have taken the time to reflect upon the…