Social exchange theory

Reaction Paper: Race, Social Bonds and Juvenile Attitudes Toward Police: How Perceptions of Police Come About In this paper I will argue the typology of theories used and whether the evidence is strong, adequate or inadequate. The authors of my article is trying to focus on the perceptions of adolescents about police. They manage to display a macro perspective within the article; the macro perspective allows the outside structures to shape an individual’s views and/ or opinions. It is apparent…

Code of the Street by Elijah Anderson, highlights the structural importance and function of the “code of the street” in Philadelphia’s predominately black, inner-city communities. Anderson’s book extracts the matters plaguing inner-city residents, including poverty, the lack of education, diminishing job opportunities, teenage pregnancy, gang activity, and drugs. The code of the street is used by these inner-city residents as a defense mechanism to adapt to the different criminal activities…

Social Comparison. The inclusion of social comparison within the TIM stems from social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954). According to Festinger (1954), individuals have an inherent drive to evaluate their opinions and abilities. When objective standards are unavailable, individuals seek out others to make comparisons. The outcome of such comparisons is partially influenced by directionality, that is upward or downward. Upward comparisons are proposed to occur when an individual compares him-…

other things that my driving habits just automatically lead me to my physical location. Another theory of personality is Social-Cognitive Learning Theory, established by Albert Bandura. It states that individuals’ personalities are shaped by other people’s actions plus individuals’ own expectancies about learning. Some parts of the Social Cognitive Perspective are similar to Behaviorism, the Social Cognitive Perspective concerned with how judging, memory, anticipating, and imitation forms…

For my individual paper I have chosen to write about a famous psychologist and his life’s work. I will begin with the story of his life, then his theories, and finally his experiments and how they have changed the study of psychology. Albert Bandura is a famous Psychologist from Canada. He was born on December 4th, 1925 in a small town outside of Edmonton Canada. He was the youngest of the six children, and his early education consisted of one small school with two teachers. He was a strong…

education level. Many theories have been developed over the years to provide an explanation for why people commit domestic violence or behave as they do. Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory proposes that people learn from one another, by observation, imitation, and modeling (Boeree, 2006). The Social Learning Theory implies that people learn the procedures and mindset of crime from intimate contact with criminal peers (Siegel, 2010). The perspective of the social learning theory that…

self-efficacy were identified through focus groups conducted for diabetes patient and based on the self-efficacy theory. The self-efficacy theory was developed by Albert Badura in 1994. Bandura (1994) defined self-efficacy as the belief in one’s ability to succeed in a particular situation. The beliefs are the determinants of how people think, behave, and feel. According to the self-efficacy theory, all people identify goals they want to accomplish, things they want to change, and thing they…

Social control revolves around why people conform or break social norms in society by exploring macro-sociological and micro-sociological perspectives. Macro-sociological perspective studies the formal system such as groups, laws, and enforcement that prohibit bad behavior. While the micro-sociological focuses on an individual’s internal belief, values and self-controls. For example, social control believes forces such as family, friends, religion, and moral beliefs regulate human behavior and…

Travis Hirschi’s theory of social control compared to classical criminology, Durkheim's theory, and Merton’s theory. Social control theory examines delinquency, and how “Delinquent acts result when an individual’s bond to society is weak or broken” (Hirschi, 2014, p. 231). He argues that delinquency is not subjected to one certain group, but anyone can become delinquent. Criminality is created through the social bonds that are broken or weakened during youth, the four elements of the social…

Explanation of Personality Disorders: Here you should be addressing how the theory explains personality disorders. In other words, according to theory, why/how do personality disorders occur? According to the social-cognitive theory, maladaptive behaviors and personality pathologies are the result of dysfunctional learning. Theorists argue that like other behaviors, maladaptive responses might also be a result of direct experiences or by exposure of bizarre behaving models. Moreover, Bandura…