Snellen chart

non-noxious aromatic substances and check if able to smell and identify and mark if any abnormality noted. Optic Nerve (CN II): This is a purely sensory nerve, test each eye for visual acuity, visual fields, and fundoscopy. Test visual acuity: Snellen chart for distant vision, newspaper for near vision. Visual fields: Visual fields done by confrontation test. The…

Low vision is an uncorrectable loss of vision that interferes with daily activities. The World Health Organization 's (WHO 2010) criteria for low vision: Low vision is a best-corrected visual acuity lower than 0.5 logMAR (Snellen 6/18) but equal to or more than 1.3 logMAR (3/60) in the better eye, or visual field corresponding to less than 20 degrees in the better eye. Blindness is defined as a best-corrected visual acuity lower than 1.3 logMAR or a visual field no more than10 degrees in the…

Besides optometrists’ use of the Snellen chart, I thought that optometrists simply distributed glasses to individuals. After researching the field of optometry, I was, and continue to be, utterly fascinated by all the different aspects of optometry; specifically, dealing with patients that…

flaking. Her facial movements are strong, appropriate, and symmetrical. The client is able to detect sharp and dull sensations on her forehead, cheek, and chin. Eyes. The client’s vision is 20/30 in her left eye and 20/200 in her right eye with the Snellen chart. Her gaze is steady and fixed without nystagmus. The client’s conjunctiva is moist and pink, and the sclera is white and clear. Her eyes are in parallel alignment with evenly distributed color. The client’s vision field is less than the…

Varying Degrees of Adolescents with Major Depression and Their Effect on Amygdala Activation Tony Yang and others’ study, “Adolescents with Major Depression Demonstrate Increased Amygdala Activation,” is an influential study of developmental psychology because of the insight it brought onto the relationship of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Dysthymia and the activation of the amygdala in adolescents (Yang et al. 2010). Major Depressive Disorder is defined as a two week interval with sad…

Effect of injection site on severity of pain in intravitreal injection of bevacizumab ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the site of injection and the severity of pain in patients receiving intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). Methods: In this interventional prospective clinical trial 1004 eyes of 1004 patients who were candidates to received IVB were randomized into 4 groups: superotemporal, superonasal, inferotemporal, and inferonasal site for injection. Visual Analog Scale…

Nystagmus refers to involuntary eye movements which are usually in the horizontal axis but can also be vertical or torsional. 1 According to the speed of the fast and slow phases, nystagmus is classified as pendular or jerky and based on the time of onset, into congenital (or infantile) and acquired types. 1-4 Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) may be further classified into sensory and motor types. In patients with sensory type, there is a recognizable structural abnormality leading to…

breath odor. She is 5 feet and 3 inches tall and weights 175lbs. Her BMI is 31.0 putting her in the obese category. Fat distribution is mostly around the abdomen area however her arms and legs are well proportioned for the rest of her body. A Snellen Vision chart was unavailable but the patient was wearing glasses and her vision exam was current. She states she needs glasses to see far. Her left radial pulse was 62 with a normal rate and rhythm of 2+ after counting for a full minute.…

Norm referenced tests are used to compare and rank test takers to one another. This is determined by comparing scores against the performance results of a group of test takers with typically the same characteristics as same age or grade level, who have previously taken the exam (Great Schools Partnerships, 2015). These tests have been used for many years in education to assess children in need of special education services using best practices associated with norm-referenced tests. There are…

Endocrine Metabolism Age specific variations of growth and development. Within this age group there are congenital and acquired conditions that cause alterations in growth patterns. First, from Nursing Care of Infants and children, states that growth patterns can be altered due to a disease called Chronic Renal Failure (CRF). (Hockenberry, Wilson, 2015,p.1029) In this disease it causes the kidneys to “no longer maintain the normal chemical structure of body fluids (Hockenberry, Wilson, 2015, p…