SN1 reaction

units per kg N × 6.25, (iii) pH, (iv) temperature, and (v) time (Adler-Nissen, 1984). Generally, there is an optimum combination of both pH and temerature, where the enzyme shows the highest activity. Physicochemical conditions of the hydrolysis reaction such as temperature, pH and enzyme/substrate ratio must be adjusted to optimize the activity of the proteolytic enzyme (Kim & Wijesekara, 2010; Santos, Martins, Salas-Mellado, & Prentice, 2011). At the beginning and at the end of hydrolysis…

The zeolite XRD analysis result showed that it is 100% Clinoptilolite ─ Ca with the chemical formula Si29.04Al6.96O96.40Na1.92Ca1.57Ba0.32K0.56Mg0.72. Particle size distribution and Zeta potential for minerals have been carried out using Zeta sizer nano series (Nano ZS), Malvern, UK - Size range (nm):0.6:6000 nm and Zeta potential range (mV): (-200:200 mV) and analysis results are presented in Table 3. They The minerals were applied before planting in two separate rates ≈ 595.24 and 1190.48 5…

SAUDI ARABIA PRODUCES METHANOL IT WILL BE CHEAPER TO USE IT TO PRODUCE FORMALIN METHODS OF PRODUCTION Formaldehyde is known to be one of the most reactive organic compounds. It can be produced by various reactions. It can produced by methods such as: Methanol undergoes an oxidation reaction in the presence of catalysts, ethyl-alcohol, coal gas, ethylene, methane, glycol, glycerin, and carbon…

of an electric current. Electrochemical machining is in general differing to electroplating where the metallic ions wandering through the electrolyte solution set down on the surface of the cathodically connected work piece. The electrochemical reactions taking place in the electrochemical machining process are as…

Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. It involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first…

Unknown Samples Objectives The experiments were carried out in order to identify 15 samples, through their physical and chemical properties. Theory A precipitation reaction is one which produces an insoluble salt as product. An example would be; Ca(NO3)2 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + 2HNO3 The calcium salt is insoluble. Precipitation reactions could be used in this experiment to eliminate compounds while attempting to identify others. Halides react with AgNO3 to form insoluble halides. These ions form…

The purpose of this experiment was to learn techniques to determine the freezing point of a pure benzophenone, a solvent. Furthermore, methods for determining the freezing point depression in relation to the solute, cyclohexanone, concentration were employed in addition to learning what molality is and how it related to the colligative properties being studied. These objectives were achieved by melting both pure benzophenone and benzophenone/cyclohexanone solutions (two solutions with…

[Chemical Engineering Lab Practice 4] EXTRACTION OF BENZOIC ACID Candidate’s Name: Raajeswari A/P Radahakrishnan Student ID: SCM-023562 Group Member’s Name: Angela A/P Gunasegaran Shubashinee A/P Murugan Lecturer/ Supervisor: Ms Nazlina & Dr Ong Chi Siang Date of Submission: 13 October 2015 1.0 ABSTRACT This experiment is about extraction of benzoic acid from kerosene by water droplets that was conducted on 6 October 2015 with few group of students. The main purpose of…

PRINT YOUR OWN MEDICINE Chemist Lee Cronin is a professor of chemistry and nanoscience and chemical complexity. He founded the Cronin group who is focused on complex functional molecular architectures that are not based on biologically derived building blocks. Cronin’s idea is to “app” chemistry and by this he means making a “really cool universal chemistry set”. He speaks with confidence to a mature audience that has an interest in the future of chemistry and medicine and those who create or…

Introduction: In this lab, I determined what type of reactions could be performed based off of experiments. Six experiments were chosen out of twelve. These six experiments were chosen based off of what Green Chemistry Principle(s) they followed. The purpose of this lab was to perform each experiment correctly and according to the Green Chemistry Principles. There were four parts to this lab. The first part was to familiarize myself with the Bunsen Burner by sketching it out in my laboratory…