Smooth muscle

you’re reading this journal, chances are you already have a decent understanding of the far-reaching importance of building strength muscle to promote long term health and increased functionality of the human body. Having muscle development (and training for it in the gym) goes beyond the aesthetic appeal. For health-conscious individuals, it’s an important part of being able to do what you want to do for the long haul, and even has by-products like improved efficiency of fat burning. With all of this said, it’s worth mentioning that we belong to an industry that’s full of blanket cues. Cues that can keep the complete layperson safe and promote a good overall structure, but cues that can actually do more harm than good for a lifter who’s…

Neural Regulation, EC Coupling, and Second Messenger System involvement with Bronchial Smooth Muscle Contraction and Relaxation Abstract Smooth muscles in human airways have multiple pathways for excitation and contraction. Both electrical and chemical signals regulate bronchial smooth muscle excitation. Bronchial smooth muscle is innervated by parasympathetic cholinergic nerves for contractile forces and by parasympathetic noncholinergic nerves for relaxant forces. Specifically, cholinergic…

similarities and differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal Muscles are attached to bones. Their functions include: produce skeletal movement, maintain posture and body position, support soft tissues, guard body entrances and exits, maintain body temperature, and store nutrients. They are striated muscles because of their appearances of having bands of actin and myosin that form the sarcomere which is located in the myofibrils. The skeletal muscle consists of it being…

The LES is composed of smooth muscle. The LES functions as a valve, relaxing when we swallow food or drinks so contents can easily pass into the stomach. It is…

It has been established for more than 40 years that Cl- is not passively distributed in gastrointestinal smooth muscle (Aickin et al 1983, Barajas Lopez et al 1989, Casteels 1971, El-Sharkawy and Daniel 1975 p1278,) and that there is a complex relationship between the distribution and transport of Cl- and the distribution and transport of other ions including Na+, K+ and Ca2+, as well as responses to changes in pH and osmolarity. The full complement of Cl- ion transporters and Cl- selective…

work together in order to get food from one point of the body to the end. The major layers in the digestive tract include the submucosa (areolar tissue), muscularis externa (region of smooth muscle fibers), serosa that is located in the peritoneal cavity. The digestive tract includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Some accessory organs of the digestive tract include the teeth, tongue, and various glandular organs such as salivary glands, liver and…

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and extracellular matrix (ECM): Blood vessels, include arteries that transport blood from the heart to the systemic circulation, and veins that transport blood back again into the heart. A remarkable change in blood vessel structure and function happened, with the emergence of a high-pressure, pulsatile circulatory system in vertebrates. Blood vessels then evolved from simple tubes for channeling blood or other body fluids from a low-pressure heart. According…

Muscle tissues are different from connective tissues as they’re specialised to be able to contract. They are stretched out and are often known as ‘muscle fibres’. Muscle tissues contain mitochondria which produce ATP. This helps the muscles to contract, so this is why muscle tissue contains more of this than the connective tissue as some of their functions are different from each other. There are three types of muscle cells; skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissue. The skeletal muscles are…

statements, and diversification. Nonverbal defenses include avoidance of eye contact, smiling and giggling, weepiness, or body posture. To effectively intervene, the therapist must proceed from the outside in, and should begin with tactical defenses that prevent emotional closeness before proceeding to work on formal defenses. Anxiety Defenses are employed in an effort to reduce the anxiety that accompanies hidden thoughts and feelings. Davanloo has classified anxiety into three primary…

Synovial joint consists of a joint capsule, a joint cavity and a layer of cartilage over the ends of two joining bones. These joints are lined with synovial fluid. The articular cartilage over the joint ends absorbs jolts as it acts like elastic and it also provides a smooth surface for the joints to move frictionlessly. This fluid also helps in lubricating and protecting the bones. Cartilage is softer and much more flexible than a bone. The major role of cartilage is to form a model for later…