Skull and Bones

the femur in the lower leg are examples of long bones in the arms and legs. Also there is the ulna in the forearm and the tibia and fibula in the lower leg. Long bones function is to support weight of the body. The femur is the longest bone in the body. Long bones also include the metatarsals, phalanges and the metacarpals. Long bones simplify movement. The flat bones in the body include the cranial bones, ribs, sternum and the scapula. Flat bones have function to protect internal organs such as…

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary tumor of bone and the third most common malignancy in adolescents. OSs of all sites accounts for approximately 40-60% of all malignant tumors of bone. Approximately 6-13% are tumors that form in the craniofacial skeleton (1-4) . Appendicular OS, another type of bone tumor has a higher success rate than craniofacial OS, as over 75% of these patients are likely to survive in the longer run. The higher rate is apparent despite Appendicular OS not having…

Osteopetrosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone. As a consequence, bone modeling and remodeling are impaired. The defect in bone turnover characteristically results in skeletal fragility despite increased bone mass, and it may also cause hematopoietic insufficiency, disturbed tooth eruption, nerve entrapment syndromes, and growth impairment. Researchers have described several major types of osteopetrosis, which are usually distinguished by their…

Types of Bone Fractures  Avulsion • A muscle or ligament pulls on the bone, fracturing it  Comminuted • Bone is shattered into many pieces Compression • Generally occurs in the spongy bone of the spine, for example a portion of the vertebra in the spine may collapse due to osteoporosis Fracture Dislocation • A joint becomes dislocated, and one of the bones of the joint has a fracture Bone Fractures Cont.  Greenstick Fracture • Bone partly breaks on one side, but not…

Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones. The word osteoporosis means “porous bone.” It is a metabolic bone disorder which means that the rate of bone breakdown, which is called resorption, speeds up while the rate of bone formation slows down causing a loss of bone mass. In other words, osteoporosis happens when you lose too much bone, make too little bone, or even both. As a result of losing bone mass, your bones become weak and may break from a minor fall. For example, your bones may break due…

Advancement in Medical Equipment As stated previously, helmets might protect against skull fractures, but they are useless in preventing further brain damage. Research by Guskiewicz and Mihalik (2011), state that “sport-related concussion typically results from forces directly imparted to the head or indirectly through the neck, resulting…

exoskeleton of arthropods and the internal endoskeleton of vertebrates. The skeleton itself has 206 bones in the adult human body. The skeleton has two forms: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton supports the center axis of the body and consists of the skull, vertebral column, and the rib cage. The appendicular skeleton is basically the limbs which are the bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulders. The functions of the skeleton are pretty self…

It comprises approximately 80% of the total skeletal tissue mass and is most common in the long bone shafts, or diaphysis, of the body (limbs, appendicular skeleton) [7, 8]. Cortical bone is characterized by a slow turnover rate, with a high resistance to bending and torsion, providing a great compressive strength, which contributes to its protective and mechanical role. It forms a thick shell…

SKELETAL SYSTEM The skeletal system is very important, without it you would not have a body or even be alive. The skeletal system is made up of all of your bones, and the ligaments, cartilage, and tendons attached to them. When it comes to your inner organs, your skeletal system is there to support them and also protect them from any outside harm. For example, you have your cranium which supports your brain and your ribs support your lungs and other abdominal organs. Many people believe that…

diagnostic medical sonography, diagnostic x-ray, and bone densitometry. Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease affecting the quantity and structure of collagen that is normally found in connective tissues, bones, and the sclera, or white portion of eyes. It is estimated that this condition affects 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 20,000 births (Antoniazzi, Mottes, Fraschini, Brunelli, & Tato, 2000). The abnormalities of the collagen produce fragile bones that are susceptible to breaking, even with…