Skin anatomy

major layers that make up healthy skin are the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis. The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion and reduces water loss. It have four cell types and five layers. The dermis made of strong, flexible dense irregular connective tissue. It contains the blood vessels, nerve fibers and lymphatic vessels. The sweat glands and the hair follicles live in the dermis layer. The hypodermis is deep to the skin. It is made of adipose and…

patches of skin devoid of pigmentation due to the appear on different parts of the body due to melanocytes, cells which make pigment, are destroyed. Vitiligo can also affect the mucous membrane which are the tissues in the mouth, nose or eyes. Although the cause is unknown, it is suspected to be caused by an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune disease happens when your immune system mistakenly attacks some part of your own body. In this case, the immune system may destroy the melanocytes in the skin.…

electrical burns, and radiation burns. In general burns damage or injure skin layers and other parts of the body such as muscles, nerves, blood vessels, lungs and eyes. These burns are classified as first, second, or third degree burns depending on the layers of skin and tissue that are damaged. As one shall know the deeper the burn the more serious the burn is. First degree burns are burns located at the superficial or outer layer of the skin called the epidermis. It is a minor burn that may…

Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin, nail beds and mucous membranes. Cyanosis shows up when the levels of deoxygenated blood rise in small blood vessels of fingers and toes. It affects the integumentary system by reducing the amount of oxygen in hemoglobin and raising the amount of deoxygenated blood in the blood supply. This may be seen in cases of heart failure, shock, exposure to cold temperatures and diseases of blood circulation. There are two types of Cyanosis: Central…

The purpose of parabens in these cosmetics is to antimicrobial harmful bacterias and mold. It’s purpose is to protect the customer and the cosmetic product. Although that may seem like a great thing to have in these products, the eventual outcome is way worse. Some facts about the chemical from its safety data sheet is the chemical formula being C11H14O3. The specific paraben that we’re talking about is Butylparaben, another name that you may recognize is Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate. Its physical…

For many men, it is very important to have a beard. This makes them feel more attractive and even more men. Beards have been very popular for some years; however, many men still do not know how to take care of their beards or how they can make the beard grow in a healthy and careful. For all men this process is different, some go very quickly and at an early age, while others may take months to get out and grow, there are even men who do not have a beard but a few facial hairs. In many…

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin disorder that is most prevalent in infants and adults, although some adolescents were reported to have this condition also. This disorder is a primary diagnosis, including symptoms such as skin flakes, patches of greasy skin, itching, and redness in areas of the scalp, hair, eyebrows, beard, or mustache. More than 3 million cases of seborrheic dermatitis are reported each year, according to the Mayo Clinic and other sources. Fortunately, there is a wide…

Mesenchymal stem cells only proves that there is major potential in stem cells to help burn victims. Most of the deaths caused by burns are from the body expending so much energy to heal itself. These treatments showed real evidence of accelerated skin regrowth could not only get the patients healthy and out of the hospital, but it could even save their lives. Cerebral Palsy, can be cured using stem cells to repair the…

According to Schraffenberger (2013), “Pressure ulcers or decubitus ulcers are caused by tissue hypoxia secondary to pressure induced vascular insufficiency, and they may become secondarily infected with components of the skin and gastrointestinal flora. The ulceration of tissue usually is at the location of a bony prominence that has been subjected to prolonged pressure against an external object, such as a bed, wheelchair, cast, or splint. Pressure ulcers may extend into deeper tissue including…

in dimensions, making them able to effectively release insulin into the body while not reaching nerve cells which would cause pain and discomfort. Microneedles are designed to puncture only the top 20–50 μm of the skin, because the stratum corneum, which is the outer layer of the skin is only that thick, and nerve cells begin just under the stratum corneum. From below the stratum corneum, the insulin injection is able to enter circulation rather quickly. There are several different types of…