Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

the Civil War can be credited to multiple sources such as Abraham Lincoln, religious groups, and the slaves themselves. The Civil War, which took place during the years of 1861 to 1865, was a battle between the southern confederate states against the northern union states about whether the nation would remain whole. The main cause of the war was slavery; the issue was that the Union wanted to abolish slavery while the Confederates wanted to preserve slavery. On January 1st, 1863, Abraham Lincoln…

ruling of Buckley v. Valeo and the conformation in Citizens United v. FEC, that political spending should not be restricted because it is form of free speech. Are all men still equal? Those who have the largest bankroll now have the “loudest” political voice. The Supreme Court first ruled that political spending should not be restricted because it was a form of free speech in Buckley v. Valeo.…

enacted to ‘remedy the disparity’ between public sector employees ' First Amendment free speech protection and private sector employees who are not given First Amendment protection.” One of the limitations is that it does not protect prospective employees, rather it protects existing employees from discipline “’on account of the exercise by such employee of rights guaranteed by the [F]irst [A]mendment to the United States Constitution’ so long as the ‘activity does not substantially or…

violating the 14th amendment. The facts of the case indicate that the Iowa statute does not pass the precedent direct incitement test. Although the language used on the “Don’t tread on me” website was harmful, no immediate incitement occurred after it was created. With this being said, the speech of the website’s leaders is protected by the constitution. Direct incitement remains the best test to use in cases like this because it expresses a very liberalistic interpretation of the 1st amendment.…

Darwinism. The case of West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937), which overruled Adkins, demonstrated the end of the Court 's acceptance of the doctrines of liberty of contract and laissez faire-social Darwinism. The decision involved upholding a Washington State minimum wage law, which consequently overruled two previous Court decisions. This change in the makeup of the Court would bring about a new era of…

Coercion as defined by Shipan and Volden (2008), as powerful actors wanting adoption. This powerful actor is most commonly another state. This assumes a state’s desire to conform to one or multiple other actors’ ideas, and that there is a reward from such action, not being sanctioned. Coercion is best displayed in comparative politics, as Shipan and Volden (2008) state, and is a popular way to achieve a shift in policies, as it there is a reward from solidarity the…

Juneteenth is a holiday in Texas that commemorates the celebration of the abolition of slavery in the United States. It was on June 19, 1865, that General Gordon Granger leading the Union soldiers, arrived in Galveston, Texas and announced the end of the war and the freedom of all slaves. This event happened two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation by the president Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. There have been several versions of stories to explain the two and half years’…

actual laws that determine whether or not material should be censored. Though this can be a sensitive subject, I wish to proceed from the viewpoint of whether the artist of the song deserved to have this song pulled off radio stations across the United States. On December 14, 2012 a shooter opened fire on an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut that sparked emotion all across the country which lead to the ban of multiple songs that referenced death of young people and shootings. I’ve chosen…

of the 14th Amendment, judicial power was again substantially augmented with the implementation of three key clauses: the Privileges and Immunities, Due Process,and the Equal Protection clauses. Since the passage of the 14th Amendment, the Court has used these in its decisions to greatly affect the country, from Brown v Board of Education (1954), to Roe v Wade (1973), to this very summer, with Obergefell v Hodges (2015). These landmark cases demonstrate sweeping…

tried to appeal to the school board, but it didn't help. On February 28th of 1951 the battle begun when Reverend Brown filed his suit in the United States District Court as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (Dudley,…