Signals intelligence

Downstream Targets Due to the lack of developing an effective Ras treatment, some have turned to targeting downstream effectors of Ras. Downstream effectors have a critical role in Ras carcinogenesis and are commonly found in KRAS mutated cancers. The most intensely targeted pathways are the Raf-MEK-ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways. Raf-MEK-ERK MAPK signaling is initiated through receptor tyrosine kinases after their activation by growth factors (Mccubrey 2006). Once Ras is in its…

Receptors are protein molecules that receive chemical signals in the form of ligands and induce responses at cellular level. They are localized at the cell surface, cytoplasm or the nucleus, depending on their amino acid sequences. In addition to using these three different localizations to categorize receptors, the types of action of receptors are also used as a mean of classification. The four main classifications of receptors are: 1. Ionotropic (or ligand-gated ion channel) receptors, 2.…

According to T.F. Gendron et al., partial amounts of the toxicity are due to a gain in function by the protein. When this occurs, the TDP-43 protein has usually shifted its location from the nucleus to throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. This abnormal accumulation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm is not only found in neurons and glial cells of the primary motor cortex but as well as in brainstem motor nuclei, the spinal cord, and in certain associated white matter tracts (Mackenzie et al 2010). It…

proteins like NSF, SNAPs (soluble NSF attachment proteins), and SNAREs including SNAP25, VAMP and syntaxin. With these identified proteins, Rothman laboratory developed the SNARE hypothesis describing a model of SNAREs involvement in vesicle targeting and fusion. Their model explains that a transport vesicle (v-SNARE) and a target membrane (t-SNARE) with the aid of NSF, SNAPs and other yet unknown proteins bring the v-SNARE in close proximity to the t-SNARE facilitating membrane fusion (Sollner…

(Move to treatment??) Researchers have discovered that the fight against invading B. anthracis begins with the first infected cell. They found that the impacted macrophages will instantly communicate with other immune cells to warn them of the distress and develop a strategy in order to survive. The key signaling molecule that is involved in the survival strategy is adenosine triphosphate or ATP, which is a basic currency of energy transfer used by all organisms for various biochemical processes…

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie is about an Indian, Junior, who lives on the reservation and eventually decides he wants to go to an all-white school. Not only is this already exemplifying diversity, but he also has medical problems and is very poor, unlike the other kids. Throughout this book diversity is show in many ways: the difference in the white school verses the school on the reservation, how the parents raise their kids, and interactions in the…

Friendship comes in many different ways, there are nice, mean, some whom are close and some whom are not close friends. In the book, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, by Sherman Alexie, Arnold who is the main character has one really good friend who is Rowdy. They were friends since they were born. Arnold and Rowdy both live on a reservation where people are going through hard times. Arnold wanted to go to a school that wasn’t on a reservation and Rowdy felt as if Arnold was…

In the book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian, Junior values love and friendship as the most important aspect in his life, and has to overcome various obstacles to keep everything he values in one scattered piece. First of all, we analyze what friendship actually means to Junior. His best friend is Rowdy. In the reservation, they have no other friends except each other. Rowdy visits Juniors home very often , because his father regularly hits him, which causes Rowdy to have…

In the novel, Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Arnold by Sherman Alexie, Arnold “Junior” Spirit, the protagonist, is a smart indian boy who hopes for a better life. He's a broke indian who lives on a reservation where everyone drinks. Junior goal to get off the reservation started by him moving to a school off the reservation. Some people didn't support his decisions but he does it anyway. Junior is a smart indian who loves books. He also loves to draw, he plays basketball. He is…

In the text “Superman and me” by Sherman Alexie are trying to teach you the theme “ If you put the effort in your life you can reach your goal. In the text, Alexie said “ A little Indian boy teaches himself to read at an early age and advances quickly. Also, “We were Indian children who were expected to be stupid. Last “ I refused to fail; I was smart; I was arrogant; I was lucky, I read books late into the night until I can barely keep my eyes open. I can also relate this to one of Dr.Seuss…