Signal transduction

Abstract Angiogenesis is an essential process for organ growth and repair. Thus, an imbalance in this process can lead to several diseases including malignancy. Angiogenesis is a critical step in vascular remodeling, tissue damage and wound healing besides being required for invasive tumor growth and metastasis. Because angiogenesis sets an important point in the control of tumor progression, its inhibition is considered a valuable therapeutic approach for tumor treatment. Chronic liver disease…

Identification and characterization of differentially expressed gene(s) in pigeonpea genotypes in response to Helicoverpa armigera infestation Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)millspaugh] is an important food legume predominantly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa almost exclusively as a rainfed crop. It is a diploid (2n = 22), often cross-pollinated crop with a genome size of 833.07 Mbp (Varshney et al., 2012). Globally, it is cultivated on an area of 4.92 M ha…

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects over 250,000 people in the United States alone. 90% of the patients with SLE are female, which indicates that there is either an important role in female hormones or a protective role in male hormones. However, it is also possible that the gene is carried on the X chromosome, making males less likely to contract the disease (Rahman, et al. 929). Autoantibodies are generated in people with SLE, meaning that the humoral…

Gene therapy is a technique in genetic engineering that is used to introduce new genetic material into host cells. This technique has become an invaluable tool in correcting faulty genes in order to improve the overall health of patients affected by both genetic disorders and non-genetic diseases. It has been documented that most human diseases occur as a result of a mutation in a single gene or a set of genes that code for important proteins needed for survival (1). Some of the genetic and…

An atypical antipsychotic that is used for the treatment of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder that will be discussed is quetiapine (trade name Seroquel). Clinical trials studying the mechanism which quetiapine acts on iontropic glutamate receptors in comparison to haloperidol a convention antipsychotic and clozapine which is also an atypical antipsychotic show significant differences in their effects on NMDA, glutamatergic, and AMPA receptors elucidating possible…

Specifically, nitration plays an important role in regulation of key enzyme activities and signal transduction networks. Tyrosine is one of the 21 amino acids and is important in the synthesis of certain hormones. Nitration of tyrosine can affect protein function, which can in turn link nitroxidative stress to alterations of molecules present in disease…

Homeostasis - Stephie Loncar Homeostasis is the process within mammals where the body systems work together to maintain a stable response to a fluctuating environment within the body due to changes in the external environment and input into the body. This has an adaptive advantage over those who do not have this ability meaning an animal can adapt to a changing environment. However, within normal range limits only extreme conditions will lead to the breakdown of the negative feedback system and…

relation to pathogenicity. When they compared the genomes of F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, F. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, oxysporum was found to have four lineage specific (LS) chromosmes that contained genes with roles in signal transduction, virulence effector proteins and transposons. To investigate whether the LS chromosomes could be transferred they performed a coincubation experiment. They found the LS chromosomes were transferred between two members of F. oxysporum.…

the balance between electrophiles and nucleophiles in a system, more importantly in a biological system. These electrophiles and nucleophiles play an important role in maintaining redox homeostasis, they are also a component in signal modulations and cellular transduction in an organism; as such, upsetting this fine balance between reduction and oxidation can have deleterious…

The purpose of our senses has to do with how our brain works with our body. All the senses in our body are created from the information that goes into the brain. The deeper view on the senses is perception. It creates a much bigger picture on how we view our five sense. The way that we perceive why we do what we do is perspective. All these objectives go with what we do in our everyday lives. As a class we all experienced these senses as we went to The Metropolitan Museum of Art and experienced…