Signal transduction

It is also called anabolism or biogenesis. It is a enzyme-catalyzed method in which substrates are transformed into complex products. In this process simple compounds change or convert into other compounds or they join together to form macromolecules. Example: In this process gluneogenesis is responsible for the production of glucose from non carbohydrate originator. Actually biosynthesis is an enzyme-catalyzed process in which substrates are converted into complex compounds. 1. Biosynthesis…

Design and Simulation of Microcantilevers for Sensing Applications Abstract- MEMS is the integration of active and passive elements on a single chip, which combine electronics, electrical as well as mechanical elements to use in sensing and actuation. MEMS technology used in sensing applications with use of basic mechanical elements such as microcantilevers, beams, diaphragms, springs, gears and so on. In this research paper, microcantilevers are used as basic elements for design of Sensors.…

Results indicated that average reaction times for the auditory and visual stimuli tests were both significantly different from that of the control conditions (see table 1 and figures 1, 2 and 3). Differences in average reaction time differing from the control test (test 1) range from as little as 4 milliseconds (test 2, test subject 2) to that of 67 milliseconds (test 4, test subject 3) (see table 1 and figure 1, 2 and 1.3). According to the averages of the percent increase in reaction time, the…

Brown, 1984). However, it is believed that this domain's main function is to extend the LDL receptor to allow the binding sites of the first domain, the ligand binding domain, to stick out of the membrane, which allows for increased ease of signal transduction (Jeon and Shipley, 2000). In addition to being rich in O-linked oligosaccharides, this domain is also rich in serine and threonine. Eighteen of the forty-eight amino acids that make up the receptor are serine and threonine resides…

interactions such as hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond, van der Waals interactions etc. Protein-protein interaction plays an important role in functioning of body’s significant mechanism such as replication, transcription, translation, signal transduction, cell cycle, etc. Thus, proteins clusters together in a network map linking together various amino acids by peptide bond forming a three-dimensional structure. The entire map showing events of protein interactions that can occur in a…

Introduction The gastrointestinal tract (GI) comprises of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and the anus. Also, digestion process start from the mouth; the ingestion of food stimulate the salivary secretion (mouth), the food is chewed before its passage through the esophagus down to the stomach where mechanical and chemical digestion takes place. Pepsinogen from the chief cells helps with the digestion of protein, amylase from the saliva and…

netic disease is prevalent in modern day society and can be debilitating for many. As medical research helps us understand what causes these disorders and also are starting to understand how to treat and even prevent genetic disease. Many individuals have undergone genetic testing to determinate if they carry the gene for certain genetic mutations. A high profile example of this is when Angelina Jolie had a double mastectomy after learning she carried the BRCA 1 gene hence decreasing here…

interest in relation to Rab GTPases because it is also the precursor to isoprenyl groups FPP and GPP, which are essential for prenylation (Hindler, 2006). Once activated with attachment of these groups, intracellular transport and downstream signal transduction can occur, leading to transcription of genes that are favourable to differentiation and proliferation (Gazzerro et al., 2011). This highlights the pleiotropic effects of statins. Figure 8 shows the importance of HMG-CoA reductase in the…

Introduction Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia is a type of cancer that occurs when bone marrow produces too many leucocytes (white blood cells) . This over production of leucocytes occurs when they grow uncontrollably by overcoming the cell regulation cycle. Cells not undergoing the regulation cycle continue to divide without dying ,causing an overcrowding of cells, hence, forming a tumour in bone marrow. The tumour can become an even more serious issue when the cancer cells from a tumour spreads to…

All people are different when it comes to their experience with addiction and mental illness. Some begin to experience mental health issues during childhood or adolescence and experiment with drugs and alcohol soon after, developing both an addiction problem and a serious mental illness at the same time. Others may seek out drugs and alcohol in an attempt to “self-medicate” a mental health issue that develops in early adulthood or that develops out of an injury or trauma later in life. Still…