Signal transduction

In the three years that have passed since I earned my undergraduate degree, much has changed in my life. For a year and half, I moved to West Virginia to work with an intracellular human pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis, that has caused a serious public-health problem. In afterward, I transitioned to Maryland where I am currently working as an Intramural Research Training Award postbaccalaureate (IRTA) research fellow at the National Institute of Health (NIH) investigating against the common…

possesses a catalytic center that has no catalytic Ser but contains a tightly bound water molecule that acts as a potential nucleophile (Verheij et al., 1980; Scott et al., 1990; Pickard et al., 1996). Majority of eukaryotic sPLA2 also have an N terminal signal peptide for secretion that is cleaved upon internalization into the endoplasmic reticulum or into the periplasm as in bacteria (Dennis et al., 2011; Cavazzini et al., 2013). Based on structural and functional properties, sPLA2 has been…

1. Diagram an individual phospholipid and a bilayer of phospholipids. Label the hydrophilic head, and hydrophobic tails in both. 2. Explain the Fluid Mosaic model of the cell membrane and describe the functions of the proteins that are embedded in the membrane. The Fluid Mosaic model of the cell membrane is a hypothesis that describes the phospholipid bilayer and it proteins. It states that the membrane is flexible - fluid - and has various proteins embedded in it - a mosaic. These structures…

I. Key Points • Evidence from animal studies supports a causal relationship between intravenous and inhaled anesthetic exposure and brain development, triggering increased apoptosis, with negative neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes. • All these negative events take place during a high vulnerability period on brain development known as “brain spurt”. • Normally, 70% of neurons will undergo apoptosis during brain development. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate receptor modulation…

(1) What is the hypothesis of this paper and where did you find it? The hypothesis of this paper predicts if low-intensity electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are a method of sensory transduction, then it is expected that that EMF can evoke brain potentials like other sensory modalities. This hypothesis can be found at the end of the Abstract and at the end of the second to last paragraph in the Introduction. (2) Is the writer’s voice passive or active and does he appear in the text? If the…

There are many complex and diverse events that take place throughout the Shh pathway, having varied but all essential effects on the development of the nervous system. Shh can signal in both short and long ranges to induce other molecules in its pathway. The processes it influences are as varied as cell survival, differentiation, proliferation and axial patterning. The molecular basis of Shh is one of the best understood of neural…

luminal amino acid signals to the surface via the v-ATPase then relay signals to the Rag complex and activate mTORC1 (zoncou). Given FLCN-FNIP2 complex localizes to the lysosome during starvation and silencing…

soil conditions, sunlight, water, as well as internal factors such as hormones. Hormones can be defined as molecular signals, which are produced in small amounts by one part of an organism’s body. These molecules are then transported to other parts of the body where they bind to specific receptors and trigger responses. In plants, a signal pathway, which includes reception, transduction, and response conducts these triggered…

neurons take part is neuroendocrine signaling. Neurosecretory cells release hormones from synapses to the circulatory system. The most peculiar part of endocrine signaling is the external chemical signaling. Animals secrete hormones called pheromones to signal other members of its population or even other…

Interactive Question 7.2 Cite some experimental evidence that indicates that membrane proteins drift. A good form of experimental evidence is Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching, aka FRAP. In the FRAP process, membrane proteins are labelled with a green fluorescent protein, and part of the plasma membrane is “bleached” with a laser, causing them to lose their fluorescence. The part that was bleached will eventually become fluorescent again, as molecules drift in by diffusion. How might…