Signal-to-noise ratio

Even Taylor wears hearing aids, she still difficultly experienced in school based on the background noise in the classroom, distance from the teacher, and configuration of hearing loss. Taylor also misses unemphasized consonants and words when a high-frequency hearing loss is presented. When the classroom has background noise, she might miss some consonants of her spoken words. Other classmates who are in the regular classroom might not understand what Taylor says…

changes speed causing it to bend either towards or away from the normal which is an imaginary line at 90 to the interface between two mediums. This is called refraction. How much it bends depends on the refractive indices of the two mediums which is a ratio of the speed of light in one medium compared with the second. For example the refractive index (n) of crown glass can be calculated as it passes from air into crown glass Total internal reflection occurs when the refractive index of…

d = a + b - c Receiver (BS) Thermal noise density in dBm/Hz -174 Base station receive noise figure F in dB 3 Receiver noise power in dBm -105.15 e Interference margin in dB 4.5 f Total effective noise and interference in dBm ? g = e + f Processing gain in dB 25.8 h Target Eb/No in dB 8 i Receiver sensitivity in dBm ? j = i - h + g Base station antenna gain in dBi 12…

are no big differences between the available Pinard horn and the printed horn. The linear horn has the least signal distortion, and the best phase response because of its gradually changing cross-sectional area. However, the other ones produces more distortions because of their significant curvatures. Furthermore, another solution that was established in order to reduce the ambient noises was to equip the opening of the horn with a skinny diaphragm. The printed horn…

message signal having weak strength cannot be transmitted directly through the communication channel Since carrier signal carries the message signal therefore, certain carrier signal parameters are changed according to the message signal. A method in which message signal is transmitted to the receiver with the help of carrier signal is called modulation. In this, both carrier signal and message signal are combined. Carrier signal strengthen the message signal to transmit message. Message…

1.1 Introduction to biomedical signals Biomedical Instrumentation is the branch of medical science where the medical instruments are to be studied. Biomedical instruments are used to record, analyze & process the biomedical signals. Biomedical signals are extracting the information from biological systems like brain, muscles or heart etc, under investigation. The extracting information may be so simple to note the pulse rate of a person from wrist or so complex like analyzing the information…

is to know the nature of these subsoil’s, their dynamic behavior and how these soils resist the earthquake or can amplify the seismic waves and cause considered damages. The selected sites in Nile Delta area are the same sites where H/V spectral ratios were measured (chapter 3). 2-D seismic refraction modeling technique is applied to calculate the number of layers, their thickness, and VP – and SH wave velocities for each layer. The dynamic (elastic) characteristics are calculated to know the…

Enantiomeric purity The enantiomeric purity is an important issue to produce pharmaceutical products of acceptable quality. The mobile phase was optimized to discriminate ESO and S-NAP from their chiral impurity (R-isomer). For checking the method ability to separate the chiral impurities from the active isomers of each drug, spiking of the prepared pure S-NAP and ESO isomers with their corresponding racemic mixtures at 1%, 2% and 5% levels of the main peak was done. Method optimization was…

Speech perception is the process by which the sounds of a language are heard, interpreted and understood. ‘Speech perception’ is defined as the receptive language process in which the input signal is speech. ‘Hearing’ is one of the sensory processes that may be used in speech perception. Thus “speech perception is a particular form of receptive language processing and hearing is a particular sensory modality contributing to speech perception” (Marschark & Spencer, 2011). Speech audiometry has…

Superfluid helium or He II is a macroscopic quantum fluid that exhibits extraordinary properties. %By applying the limit of low flow velocities, The behavior of the fluid can be understood using a Landau - Tisza model, where He II is considered to be a two-component fluid with independent velocity fields: the inviscid superfluid of density $\rho_s$, and the normal fluid of density $\rho_n$, where the total density $\rho$ = $\rho_s$ + $\rho_n$ \cite{Tisza,Landau}. The superfluid has neither…