Signal processing

The multifunctional protein, beta-catenin (CTNNB1) acts on many critical roles in the cell life cycle, including cell differentiation, proliferation and cell-cell contact (Ozwan et al., 1989), CTNNB1 plays a central role in canonical WNT signaling pathway to success the gene transcription process (Clevers and Nusse., 2012). Regulation and degradation of CTNNB1 take place at the cellular level through phosphorylation of serine and/or threonine amino acid residues. Specific kinase proteins…

In Sherman Alexie’s Story, This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona, Victor is a complex character in ways. On the outside he is more closed off and and tries to act “normal” and that he is above others who aren’t in that definition of normal. But on the inside he knows that he shouldn’t be like that. He holds regret for treating Thomas Builds-the-fire the way he does growing up. They were friends when they were younger, but by their teenage years Victor had drifted away. One night, “when…

The story, Superman and Me, by Sherman Alexie, is about a Indian boy who enjoys reading and writing as much as his father. But, in the reservation where his family lives reading and writing is very rare for these Indian boys to know. He was scared he would be called dumb and unintelligent like his fellow friends. So, he dedicates a lot of time and ends up visiting reservations to help teach Indian boys. One specific quote in this text conveys Sherman’s thoughts and claims of the central idea.…

People express themselves in a variety of different ways; whether it is through clothing, music, dance, writing or art, these forms of self-expression allow individuals to convey feelings to others. Specifically, the use of writing and art to express one’s self has been prevalent in society for centuries and is commonly conducted through graffiti. Its origins lie with our ancestors who lived during the ice age; cavemen. Modern sociologists and archeologists suggest that prehistoric graffiti…

Around May 1970 intelligence analysts detected the presence of Prisoners of War (POW) at Son Tay. On November 20th 1970 Son Tay POW camp was raided. No POWs were found at Son Tay. In the span of seven months, intelligence failed to detect the transfer of Son Tay POW’s. The Son Tay raid is regarded as a tactical success, and has largely been analyzed from a tactical standpoint. Analysis of the intellectual failure is necessary. Even in the modern era POWs still exist and rescue attempts are still…

Pathophysiology: Proteus syndrome is caused by an activating somatic mosaic mutation in AKT1, a gene which encodes the well-studied serine/threonine kinase PKB/Akt .1,2 Akt is the key mediator of the PI3K signaling pathway. In response to a growth signal (e.g. IGF, EGF) and the autophosphorylation of a receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K is recruited and activated, generating PIP¬3 molecules at the lipid membrane. These partially activate Akt and also activate PDK1/2, which complete the Akt…

When many think of the NSA’s data collection programs, the first thought is of whistleblower Edward Snowden, who leaked classified American documents in 2013. These documents revealed to Americans the ways the NSA collected their information for investigation. The agency was found wrongfully collecting information from other countries such as China to investigate previous attacks on the U.S. Department of Defense (Cate 31). Domestically, one of the biggest things Americans learned about was…

INTRODUCTION Ca2+ as an intracellular second messenger is indispensable for the physiology of organisms and the molecular regulation of cells. The cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration is a crucial signal for a variety of neuronal processes including neurotransmitter release, control of membrane excitability, synaptic plasticity, and cognition. Ca2+ homeostasis in neurons is accurate controlled by several types of Ca2+ channels or the activity of Ca2+ transporters with either locate on the plasma…

Inverse agonism has great potential as a possible therapeutic treatment option in the future” Inverse agonism: Inverse agonism is phenomenon associated with G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), in which inverse agonist binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces an opposite pharmacological response to the agonist. For inverse agonist response the receptor must have an intrinsic activity in the absence of any ligand1,2. How inverse agonist act? According to the two state receptor theory,…

1.7 III (b) VEGF: VEGF is also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) is an endothelial cell specific mitogen in in vitro and is the main factor responsible for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in a variety of in vivo models. The gene transcripts level of VEGF is stimulated at the time of implantation because process of implantation occurs under hypoxic condition. In rodents, VEGF is involved during embryo–endometrium crosstalk by regulating endothelial cell proliferation and vascular…