Sickness behavior

JOHN B. WATSON’S EXPERIMENT ON LITTLE ALBERT According to the Oxford dictionary, behaviourism is “the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings…” John B. Watson was a psychologist who played an important role in the development of behaviourism. This essay will describe his theory of learning in detail, his experiment on little Albert and the ethical acceptability of this experiment. Watson believed that psychologists…

In this chapter, we try to equipt the child with precautionary measures in case someone tries to take advantage when parents/guidance are not around to monitor. A method that is often recommended is like a game, thus, parents or teachers should put questions that are unexpected to test the intelligence and awareness of that child. Such questions could go in the following pattern. Example, what if...? What about....? and hear the child answer it. Parents or teachers can generate a story to make…

This quote from Charles Cooley explains the looking-glass self theory in his own words. In the words of Stienburg and Angelopulo (2015) the looking-glass self is the development of self-concept which is founded on the fact that people evaluate themselves based on the feedback from others, or based on how people think others perceive them. These so called “reflected perceptions” are formed during our interactions with those around us, whether they be close friends and family or complete strangers…

THERAPY Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) is based on the assumption that behaviours and emotions arise from cognitive processes and it is possible for human beings to alter such processes to achieve different ways of feeling and behaving. REBT was originally named ‘Rational Therapy’, after that it was named ‘Rational-Emotive Therapy’ and again in the early 1990’s to ‘Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy’. It is one of a number of ‘cognitive-behavioural’ therapies.. BASIC ASSUMPTION…

The sociocultural theory that is used in many classrooms around the world today was founded and researched by a Soviet psychologist, Lev Vygotsky. The key concepts of Vygotsky's theory that will be addressed below are: language, socially mediated learning and scaffolding. The key concept of language in Vygotsky's theory is developed upon social interactions, for communication purposes. Language, a shared social symbolic system for human communication (Woolfolk, 2016, p. 96), allows opportunity…

The issue I will be talking about will be on whether human behaviors are determined largely by the situation they are in. The key concepts of Conformity brought by the Asch’s experiment and also Obedience to authority in the Milgram’s experiment along with the key concept of role playing in the Stanford prison experiment will be used to support the issue statement. The concept used to counter the issue statement will be Schema which will be explained using an experiment done by Bransford and…

The notion of intelligence has attracted scholars and educators. The traditional conception of intelligence rests largely upon a monolithic, static view of intelligence. Spearman (1904) made the first theoretical attempt to describe intelligence proposing his g model (g for general) .This theoretical model was the outcome of the measurement of psychological abilities. He believed in the existence of a “common underlying ability or force serving as the basis for all our mental/intellectual…

Eight month old, Leo, displays some minor dysmorphic features and developmental delays. Due to Leo’s developmental troubles, Dr. Lewes was consulted. After Dr. Lewes received a comprehensive three generation family history, he performs a thorough examination on Leo. The results determined that there was no species genetic syndrome. Given this, Dr. Lewes orders a micro-array comparative genomic hybridization study, which demonstrates no substantial deletion or duplication. At ten months of age,…

It is important to recognize that behavior (both positive and negative) is maintained by various reinforcement contingencies. Therefore, punishment will be more effective when a certain behavior is not reinforced at the same time that punishment contingencies are involved. For example, when a teacher tries to use punishment in the classroom, it is common for the student’s peers to reinforce the child’s inappropriate behavior through laughing or clapping or yelling. Punishment would…

People often wonder why others engage or do not engage in a certain behavior. Per health psychologists, there are three theories that could provide an explanation as to why people engage in positive or negative health behaviors: health belief model, theory of planned behavior, and the transtheoretical model. Of the three models of behavior change, the transtheoretical model (TTM) is certainly the best model to use since it is considered a journey and people can move between each stage at his/her…