Shiga toxin

II Bacteria Paper: Clostridium Botulinum Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that causes the illness, in humans known as botulism (Smith and Sugiyama, 1988). It produces a potent neurotoxin called botulinum toxin that causes botulism or foodborne botulism. The spores are heat resistant and can survive in foods that are incorrectly or poorly processed (FDA). There are seven recognized types of botulism (A-G) but only A, B, E, and F cause human botulism…

Clostridium Botulinum Clostridium Botulinum is a single celled bacteria and has organelles, not bounded by a membrane. They are asexual and reproduce by binary fission. It belongs to Kingdom Bacteria because it has peptidoglycan in its cell wall. It is unicellular and lack nucleus. It is obligate anaerobe as well as have ability to produce by spore so it falls under Phylum Firmicutes. It is classified in class Clostridia and further in order Clostridiales due to its spore forming ability. It is…

The medicine stung as it went in and because of the saline it was mixed with, I felt an unsettling cold as it shot through my arm. Somehow, it caused me to taste a strange metallic and salty taste in the back of my mouth and made me uncomfortable for no reason. There is no way to explain it other than a feeling of uneasiness that was resolved by nothing. The treatment for migraines is painful and scary. No one could have predicted the severity of the struggle I began with migraines when I was…

This summary and review of Botox Nation (Dana Berkowitz 2017) is a deep look into the development of the Botox phenomenon that is in our world today. Botox is a trend that is on the climb and is different from any other ‘anti-aging’ prevention or cure on the market. And somehow along the line Botox was given the okay to be passed off as a medical procedure with curative and preventative powers. (Berkowitz, 2017, p. 5) The author Dana Berkowitz uses Botox as an avenue to view how the norms of…

onset after an infection of Escherichia coli which is a Shiga toxin-producing bacteria. There are two types of Shiga toxins that can lead to HUS, Shiga Toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga Toxin 2 (Stx2). There have been structural differences found between the two types as well as evidence to show that type 2 Stx causes more harmful kidney…

One possible scenario for the transfer of the toxin-coregulated pilus to B. subtilis is the fertilization of crops using human waste. Waste contaminated with V. cholerae cells could be used to fertilize crops that have B. subtilis growing on their roots, acting as an anti-fungal. Since V. cholerae are…

Term Paper: The Effects of Foodborne Illness of Escherichia coli in Leafy Greens Introduction Food is a necessary and many times pleasurable part of everyday life. Bacteria are also a necessary part of everyday life, but not often thought of as pleasurable. Humans are made up of approximately 103 cells, and harbor about 104 bacteria cells (Davis 1996). It is shocking that the human body hosts more bacteria cells than its own body composition. Fortunately, most of these bacteria that live on…

Malabanan, Joshua Yran P. Professor Cynthia Solem English 1A 05 December 2014 How E. Coli Can Make Us Die A 4-year-old Oregon girl has died from medical complications possibly resulting from an E. coli infection contracted sometime just before Labor Day weekend, according to the girl’s uncle, who spoke with Food Safety News. Serena Profitt of Otis, OR, died Monday at Doernbecher Children’s Hospital in Portland. Her symptoms of E. coli infection first appeared around Aug. 29 with bouts of…

The Shiga toxin is broken down into two types, Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2, both which are known as STEC. STEC E. coli is able to attach to the intestinal wall, damaging it and causing lesions due to a special gene that it encodes for. Someone suffering from this form of E. coli may experience…

The identification of Escherichia coli as the unknown was concluded by a string of tests and observations such as gram-staining, shape, motility, oxidation, fermentation and citrate tests. This began with gram-staining the organism. After viewing beneath a light microscope, the unknown showed pink rods, proving to be gram-negative. The observation of motility was made by viewing the bacteria moving towards a specific direction. The next tests utilized in determining the unknown was oxidation…