Shannon index

protocol. Thus varied uses of these sensors leads to the fragmentation of the market where these sensors find their application in Parameter measurements such as temperature, pressure, strain, vibration, acceleration, pH level determination, refractive index of liquid etc. Fiber optic sensors because of their distinctive features also facilitate industries such as aerospace, medical, oil pipelining, transportation etc. Presently there has been some success in the sensor technology which are…

investment management – either utilizing active investment management or passive investment management. An active investment managers’ goal is to outperform a specific benchmark index by identifying mispriced securities. A passive managers’ goal is to closely track or replicate the return pattern of a specified benchmark index at a low cost. A passive manager does not make any attempt to seek out mispriced securities. Over the past several years, the rise of robo-advisor and FinTech which rely…

How much it bends depends on the refractive indices of the two mediums which is a ratio of the speed of light in one medium compared with the second. For example the refractive index (n) of crown glass can be calculated as it passes from air into crown glass Total internal reflection occurs when the refractive index of the first medium is more than that of the second. The angle of incidence is the angle that a ray of light hits an interface between two mediums relative to the normal. As…

title>INTRODUCTION Optical constants (complex refractive index n, complex dielectric function ϵ, and reflection and absorption coefficients R and α) of materials are of great importance for optical metrology in the semiconductor industry.1,2 A high-performance complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor process flow with 11 layers of metal requires about 75 photolayers and may contain up to 100 thickness measurements, most of them performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry.3 This technique has…

“Free throws win games,” a phrase that athletes repeatedly hear from their basketball coaches. Even though free throws only count for a point, they tend to occur at the most critical parts of the game. Imagine, only a few seconds remain, and your team is losing by one point. Two simple free throws dictate which way the game swings. If you miss them both, your team loses. Make only one, and the game goes into overtime. Make them both, and you become the hero for your team. Thus, free throws win…

of developing diabetes and its negative ramifications. Also, increased levels of testosterone (a hallmark of the disease) reverse while consuming low starch diets. 6. High Protein Diet + Low GI Shifting a diet to high protein and low glycemic index (GI) foods proves beneficial to those afflicted with PCOS as well. Studies have shown a significant increase in insulin sensitivity with this type of diet. Since PCOS leads to insulin resistance, it seems this option serves well to manage this…

The Result With full data sheet of Rampo Valley Reservation park and Harriman State Park, we determine the relative density, frequency, relative frequency, relative dominance and important value. <Table 1> is Ramapo Valley Reservation Park’s table . <Table 2> is Harriman State Park’s table. Relative density is percentage of number of individual of one species by sum of the individuals of all species. Relative frequency is percentage of frequency by sum of the frequencies of all…

Different parts of the world have different political regimes and not many succeed in achieving being called a democratic state. In 2016 democracy is the political regime that the most powerful countries in the world follow. The list includes Norway, U.S.A, Germany and Sweden. Progressively, many countries are working on becoming a democracy. Some are being more prosperous, others struggle. It is not exactly easy to become a democratic country due to many requirements to fit the qualification.…

The Do’s and Don’ts in South Africa for culture and doing business There are many do’s and don’ts that one must be aware of when it comes to doing business and the culture of South Africa. Understanding these do’s and don’ts will help a company be successful while entering or doing business in South Africa. Do’s These are all of the things that a company should pay extra attention to when doing business in South Africa. Completing all of these tasks will lead to a company being very successful…

capability. 1.1 Optical fiber: Basics An optical fiber is composed of three parts the core: dielectric material (glass), light propagation the cladding: lesser Refractive index of core(glass/plastic) stops loss of light from core scattering loss at the surface of the core the coating: protect an optical fiber from physical damage. 3 1.2 Fiber optic…