Sexual dimorphism

Many high-paying jobs in developed countries are in the fields of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). For example, in the United States the average annual wages of STEM workers are significantly above the country average (Cover, Jones and Watson, 2011); STEM workers had 26 percent higher wages than their non-STEM counterparts in 2010 (Langdon et al., 2011). In Taiwan, of the top ten highest paying industries in 2011, STEM-related fields took eight places (Marginson et al., 2013).…

The historical context: Women and men faced different issues as they evolved and therefore developed different strategies in mate-seeking to reach the goal of having the most reproductive success. Since women were the ones who were making the most effort to invest time and care into their offspring, men were therefore caring less and women became a limited reproductive resource for men. Women had no choice but to rely on men and that is when selective criteria for choosing a mate appeared and…

Same - gender classrooms as the tool to successful learning It seems like every year now schools in America are facing some kind of a reform; among the changes, same – gender classrooms are making their comeback. Opponents of separating male and female students into different groups propose it will boost grades and improve test scores. They believe the main components single – sex classroom can provide on the road to success are: opportunity for boys and girls to learn differently, improvement…

What is mate choice? How did it evolve and why does it differ between sexes? To answer these questions, we first have to understand what it means to be female and what it means to be male under evolutionary standards and how the two sexes contribute to reproduction. Under biological terms, a female is the sex that produces the ova or egg, which is the larger sex gamete. The egg is large because it contains nutrients and material needed for the development of offspring as well as the DNA of the…

Darwin’s second observation was that of sexual selection (Hosken & House, 2011). Sexual selection selects for traits that make an individual more successful in finding a mate and producing offspring (Kansehiro, 2009). Most often, this type of selection involves males (Hosken & House, 2011). A prominent example of a male trait that is subject to sexual selection is courtship behaviour (Eberhard, 1994). Courtship allows mates (most often females) to gain information about the quality of their…

ability to provide resources for breeding, like food and parental care; which is important to the female and those that have genetic qualities like immunity which is passed to the offspring. Sometimes the mate choice is based upon the male’s secondary sexual trait. Some females prefer male-male competition to select a mate. Some select according to size or color of the yellow warbler. Females choose mates based on the traits that are revealing in a particular population. In most populations the…

Males Compete, Females Choose: Evidence in Humans In non-human animals, it is typically males that engage in intrasexual competition, and females that exercise intersexual choice. This is apparent in the morphological and behavioural differences between the sexes. Trivers (1972) argues that this is so due to differential investment in offspring between the sexes, which makes access to females a limiting resource in males' reproductive success. In other words, males compete, females choose. In…

Gender differences in illegal crossing: Are men more likely to take bigger risks than woman? Introduction Road crossing behaviour in areas where drivers don’t expect pedestrians to cross the street is a calculated risk taken by many people in an attempt to avoid walking a long distance or in order to get to their destination quickly. However, this unsafe behavior of people crossing a street where laws do not permit can lead to severe consequences. For example, in Romania in 2009 in terms of…

Sex Identification In regards to the human os coxae, Bruzek et al. worked to develop a new tool for sex estimation based on the measurements (Bruzek 2017). They used a database of known sex subjects to develop the Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste v2 (Bruzek 2017). The combination of different dimensions can be used to determine likely sex, and as dimensions are added the likelihood increases to higher that 90% (Bruzek 2017). This method used ten metric variables in order to identify the likely…

If you think about it, men and women aren’t so different. Will we ever come to closure on our similarities? When you look at a man, you notice his physical appearance. If we look beyond physical appearance, both men and women are built the same way. Although some may believe in Man being on top, women can do anything a man can do. Over 1 billion years ago, sex evolved into single-cell organisms. One eukaryotic cell would come in contact with another eukaryotic cell and if that cell responded,…