Sewage

How John Snow’s Skepticism and Open-mindedness Influenced His Method of Conducting Research At the beginning of the 18th century little was known about cholera transmission or disease communication in general. The miasma theory was in full force. Most of the science world accepted the miasma theory and completely rejected any other theory for disease transmittance. This greatly hindered advancements in research of communicable diseases because miasmas were understood as a fact and no…

Aurelia aurita is more commonly known as the moon jellyfish. It is the most common jellyfish and has been seen to be blooming in great numbers in Pacific and Mediterranean waters. Scientists have mainly focused on blooms of Aurelia Aurita in Pacific waters because of their extreme impact on the fishing industry. It has been speculated by scientists that the combination of overfishing and warming waters have directly affected these blooms. Aurelia aurita is part of the phylum named…

Background On Sunday, November 7, 2010 the cruise ship, Carnival Splendor, departed Long Beach, California for seven-day, six-night cruise touring the Mexican Riviera; with stops in Puerto Vallarta, Mazatlán, and Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Carnival Splendor was to arrive back in Long Beach with its 3,200 guests and 1,167 crew members on Saturday, November 13. On Monday, November 8, 2010 at 6:00a.m., a fire erupted in the aft engine room. The Splendor operates on six diesel engines, three in the…

At the beginning of Chapter 5 in Enrique’s Journey has has successfully made it to the boarder of the United States between Mexico and Texas. At this point he is on the Mexicans side trying to find out a way to cross the Rio Grande River. Yet, again I am amazed at the horrific conditions that Enrique has to go through just while waiting on the Mexican side of the boarder. He talks about sharing a “soiled, soggy mattresses with three other migrants.” I could never imagine making a journey that…

Theodore Roosevelt, also known as Teddy Roosevelt, became the 26th President of the United States in September 1901, after President William McKinley was assassinated. Teddy was widely known for not only being the youngest president ever at the time, but also for using the federal power for good by creating the square deal. He saw a bully pulpit which is “a position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue”. He created the phrase “Square…

pathogenicity. Further, the phage strain should have reduced immunogenicity, to minimize adverse reactions to phage therapy (Adhya et al. 2014). Hence, by developing efficient phage therapy, cost effective disinfection of water bodies, wastewater and sewage can be achieved without having any toxic by-products. Resistance to phages may be developed in bacteria, but this is not a major setback as it is pretty easier to develop new phage. In nature, as bacteria develop resistance against phages,…

Crown-of-thorns Starfish or COTS are marine invertebrates that are responsible for approximately 42 percent of the loss of coral on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (Cranston, 2015). Plagues of this starfish have destructed coral reefs world wide. Scientists have identified fossil evidence dating back to millions of years ago, however outbreaks have only been detected in the last 50 years (Cranston, 2015). They are characterised by their venomous thorns and are capable of piercing through…

1. Provide a historical account of the idea of “contagion”. What fueled it? Without microscopes, how could they understand contagion? What are Miasmas? Humans have explored the causes of diseases and how they are transmitted for thousands of years. Hippocrates and another Greek philosopher Herodotus discussed diseases such as smallpox. Since 1500 BC, different societies began inventing new ways to treat water and improve the quality. For example, Hippocrates invited the practice of filtering…

Phosphates Phosphates are chemical compounds containing phosphorus. Phosphorus is a non-metallic element which is necessary for life and is found in rock as inorganic phosphates. As water runs over and through rocks it carries off small amounts of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphates. Phosphates are chemicals containing the element phosphorous, and they affect water quality by causing excessive growth of algae. Read more :…

Even though Norman Bowker left the Vietnam War, the memories of the war did not leave him. For example, when Norman is unable to save his friend Kiowa, he writes to O’Brien and says, “’That night when Kiowa got wasted, I sort of sank down in the sewage with him…Feels like I’m still in deep shit’” (156). He could not escape the guilt of letting his friend die. In addition, Norman is unable to express his feelings through writing, which is what O’Brien does to keep sane, so he suggests that…