Serum total protein

muscular dystrophies (LGMD) is a general term used to describe a diverse cluster of neuromuscular disorders and they are usually being inherited. They are caused by mutations of certain genes which results in respective defective proteins being generated. These defective proteins are usually involved in the direct or indirect stabilizing of the membrane of the muscle. This disorder involves symptoms like primary or secondary weakening of limb and axial muscles, muscle wasting and joint…

The annulus is the outer portion of the disc that surrounds the nucleus. It is made up of 15 to 25 collagen sheets which are called the 'lamellae'. The lamellae are 'glued' together with a proteoglycans. These sheets encircle the disc and, in concert with the nucleus, give the disc tremendous axial load strength. The posterior portion of the annulus if further strengthened by the 'posterior longitudinal ligament'. This structure is the final barrier between the disc and the delicate spinal…

chromatin that holds information, and a nuclear envelope that controls the materials that pass in and out of the nucleus. The ribosome create proteins for the cell. Surrounding the nucleus are the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. These create the materials that the golgi apparatus ships. Likewise, they both use mitochondria that create energy out of food and proteins. Furthermore, both plant and animal cells have a vacuole to hold water, food, and wastes. In addition, they also…

Bacteria also known as prokaryotes are very ancient single-celled organisms; fossils show that they were widespread 1.5 billion years ago. Today bacteria make up the vast majority of prokaryotes on earth due to the unfavorable ability to adapt quickly to the surrounding environment. Bacteria have the capabilities to survive in areas of high heat, extreme cold, or even very acidic or alkaline conditions. This ability is used frequently to fend off the effects of antibiotics and antibacterial;…

Introduction The study of this experiment was the Dopamine transporter gene. This gene is associated with different brain disorders like bipolar, as well as certain behavioural traits such as ADHD.[1] Dopamine transporter gene is a presynaptic plasma protein containing different VNTRs in it’s UTR and plays an important role in restricting the activity of dopamine by rapid reuptake into the presynaptic neuron. DAT is part of Na+ and Cl- dependent family with the addition of other…

Why Do Dark Hairs Pop Up in Weird Spots? The Truth About Dark Hair Growth If it has ever happened to you, it is not something you will likely forget. You are on your way to a job interview, a first date, or other momentous event, and you catch a glimpse of it in the rear-view mirror: a dark hair randomly growing on your chin. You tweeze the hair, but it continues to grow back, like a persistent weed in a flower garden. Then, you notice another one emerging from your lower jawline. A few…

cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding protein and blocking transpeptidation. It has low protein binding and is eliminated renally and mostly unchanged. It has a beta lactam ring, an absolute configuration of 2S, 5R, 6R, a carboxylic acid group at C2 position and an amide bond at the C6 position. It has broad spectrum activity and can be used against gram negative bacterial infections. Erythromycin is a macrolide that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50s subunit and…

and synthesized into protein. The process of transcription, which is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, is where the instruction of the gene expression is most likely to occur. Prokaryote allows a continual synthesis of protein to occur. On the other hand, in…

Most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. There are 64 total codons, three of which are stop codons, with 61 of the codons coding for 20 different amino acids. These codons, however, are not used equally. Codon Bias is defined as the deviation from equal usage of synonymous codons. Studies by Jan C. Biro found that the number of synonymous codons shows a significant correlation with the frequency of their respective amino acids. Furthermore, the redundancy of these codons may be…

through droplets in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. If you breathe in these droplets you have a high risk of becoming infected. Bacteria can grow at all temperatures between the freezing point of water and the temperature at which protein coagulates. The bacteria grows best at optimum which lies between the maximum and minimum points. Temperatures below the minimum stop bacterial growth but do not kill the…