Serum albumin

There are usually four different types of casein proteins in milk: alpha-s1 casein, alpha-s2 casein, beta casein, and kappa casein. There are also four different types of whey proteins: beta-lactoglubulin, beta-lactalbumin, immunoglobulin, and serum albumin. The alpha-s series in casein is non-homogenous, meaning that it is not all the same. It is divided into two groups: alpha-s1 and alpha-s2. 30.6% of all protein is alpha-s1 casein. The experiment was to observe if the difference in the amount…

Case summary: A 69 years old male with known CKD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was admitted to hospital following a GP visit. Increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and raised creatinine levels were observed in his blood tests. Patient was referred from GP due to worsening of creatinine on a background of 2 months of increasing pedal oedema. Ultrasound scan showed no renal obstruction and a renal biopsy confirmed pANCA vasculitis. Urinalysis also confirmed presence of glucose,…

Yeast Expression System for Glycoengineering Yeast expression system is an alternative to prokaryotic and higher eukaryotic expression system since it offers the attributes of speedy growth, ease to manipulate genes and low costing media like for microbes along with post translational modification and secretory expression like in higher eukaryotes. An increasing number of yeast strains are available for protein expression that are said to increase the yield of the protein, improves the…

recent research, that troponins levels might be elevated in certain non-cardiac conditions such as pulmonary embolism, sepsis and renal insufficiency inter alias[42]. It has been noted in patients with ESRD that, without any symptoms or signs of ACS, troponin level is elevated. Such findings put clinicians in a dilemma in the realm of diagnostics and treatment. Renal and cardiovascular diseases are intricately linked showing a moderately high level of co-occurrence. It has been noted that…

Presence of anti-dengue antibodies inhibits agglutination of RBC. Paired sera are obtained during acute phase and convalescent phase of the dengue with a time interval of more than seven days. In primary infection, the acute-phase serum has low level of antibodies and will later have gradual elevation of HI antibody titres. In secondary infection, there is a rapid rise in HI antibody titres, normally going beyond 1:1280. Prevention and control • Public Health…

Determining phylogenetic relationships of marine invertebrate and vertebrate using variation in muscle proteins of different genera; Ostreidae , Teuthida, Pectinidae, Nephropidae, Caridea, Brachyura and Oncorhynchus. Introduction The fundamental core of all biology emanates from evolution, as the great evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky once said "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution"(1973). Therefore, studying the phylogenetic relationships of different…

Introduction Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be manifested with hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Acute bleeding due to gastroesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients is associated with higher morbidity, mortality rates as well as development of life-threatening complications. This bleeding significantly increase protein concentration in the bowel which results in increased ammonia production by colonic bacteria and precipitation of development of hepatic encephalopathy [1].…

 COMPOSITION OF MILK Milk is nearly complete natural food on the earth. It contains water, fat, protein, lactose and minerals as major constituents. The proportions of these constituents vary with species of the animal. For example, Mare’s milk contains only about 1.6% fat, while Reindeer’s milk contain 22.5% fat. Apart from this, the composition also varies with several other factors, viz., the breed of animal, the feeding pattern, season, lactation period, age of animal, environment, etc..…

Introduction: Organic Molecules are the chemicals of life produced by living organisms. They contain carbon and hydrogen linked together in long chains, with carbon as the backbone. Three focal organic molecules are carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. All living organisms need these organic molecules to survive. Carbohydrates are utilized for transporting and storing energy in animals and plants. The number of sugar molecules present determines the prefix for the carbohydrate. A monosaccharide…

nutritional status is essential for wound healing with protein deficiency contributing to poor healing rates.[90, 134, 169, 185] Skin break-down can result in a deficit of as much as 100 gm of protein in one day.[185] There is a correlation between low serum albumin and body mass index (BMI) and the development of pressure ulcers.[122] The topical application of essential fatty acids to the entire body, including potential wound sites, improves tissue hydration and elasticity and helps prevent…