Sertoli cell

change. The changes made to the genes cannot be unchanged, and thus these changes will be inherited by the future generations. Marcy Darnovsky (2014) claims in Genetically Modified Babies that genetic modification is dangerous. This method alters every cell in the children’s bodies regardless of their function where these changes might transfer to the future. In addition, designer baby is not a free error process. Numerous mistakes might happen in the laboratory causing accidental miscarriage.…

Life with technology. Almost 99.9% in the daily life technology took place, wherever we turn right or left it all been changed to current technology. The technology can’t be stop because it’s one kind of virus which is created by the humans. This upgraded make influence in the education line, where most of the schools around the world changed their education structure into the current technology. According to the chart of apple selling department, in the first month of the apple I-pads released,…

membranes that are grouped together and mainly amphipathic. The variation in head groups and aliphatic chains allows the presence of more than 1000 different lipid species in any eukaryotic cell. Different types of lipid include Phospholipids, Sphingolipids and Cholesterol. Lipid plays a role in many functions of the cell such as the signaling and the conversion of energy, membrane fluidity and compartmentalization of cellular organelles. The movement of lipids from their sites of synthesis to…

the embryo is exposed. With them being exposed that is when the diseases fall in place and start to attack the embryo. But on the other hand editing sperm, eggs, and embryos can cause inheritable diseases. It’s one thing to edit an adult’s immune cells. If anything goes, the effects won’t be passed on. It’s another matter entirely to edit sperm, eggs, or embryos (known as the “germline”) and create genetic changes that can be passed down from generation to generation. No longer talking about…

DNA organization within cells is a complex and sophisticated process. This high level of complexity is due to the hundreds of thousands of interactions that can be enabled through organization. It is a known that promoter elements and enhancer elements work in unison to regulate gene expression. Often times enhancers are found hundreds of kilo-bases away from their interacting promoter elements. These enhancers initiate promoter activation via interactions amongst transcription factor binding…

The Four Spheres of Earth Before we can learn of the compositional layers and mechanical layers of the interiors of earth, we need to know some basic concept of the four spheres. As we may know the four spheres responsible for life on earth: lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere; and their interaction with each other is called Geosphere (Fig. 1.). Another sphere that isn’t included among the rest for its different property is Pedosphere. Pedosphere is basically the interaction…

There’s no question that, as humans, society has been advancing at a rapid rate over the past few decades. The biggest advances, however, have come medically and technologically which, in today’s climate, often go hand in hand. One of the most powerful and potentially dangerous advances in recent memory has been advent of genetic engineering. Many of the advances that have made genetic engineering possible, while they may save many lives, have a higher moral cost than society may recognize.…

chromosomes. That determines all the child's information. With 24 hours of fertilization the egg is now a zygote. It divides into two cells. The number of cells doubles every 12 hours. If the cells split you will have twins. About 3 days after fertilization the zygote has become a ball of 32 cells. A few day later it reaches the uterus. On day 7 the ball of cells burrows into…

Geographical distribution and Karyotype of Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Rodentia, Spalacidae) in Iraq (Kurdistan Region) Zaitoon Ahmed HAMAD1, Yüksel COŞKUN2*, Alaettin KAYA2 1 Dicle University Institute of Science Biology Section, Diyarbakır /Turkey 2 Dicle University Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Diyarbakır/Turkey *Corresponding author Geographical distribution and Karyotype of Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Rodentia, Spalacidae) in Iraq (Kurdistan Region) Abstract The…

Chapter 01: Introduction 1.1. Xenobiotics The term xenobiotic is derived from Greek words, “xenos”, meaning strange or foreign, and “bios”, meaning life. Thus xenobiotics are exogenous chemicals which includes natural and synthetic chemicals. These can be pesticides, chemical vapors from automobiles, industrial chemicals, plastics, secondary plant metabolites, toxins produced by plants, molds and animals, food additives etc. Xenobiotics are considered as pollutants, but all the pollutants are…