Serfdom

many peasants destitute, along with the poll tax which, according to Kotsonis, “remained the largest single direct tax, and by now it fell exclusively on peasants”. Alexander efficaciously made the peasants situation worse than when they were under serfdom. Leontovitsch deeply supports this suggesting that peasants had financial burdens after the emancipation as “Immediately after the emancipation, taxes and redemption payments were higher than the income that could be derived from the allotment…

The Hundred Years’ War, a long battle between England and France, caused several factors directly and indirectly and greatly affected both countries afterwards, changing the European societies from feudal states to modern sovereign states. This extremely long battle was not a mere fight, but a turning point that affected the way nations are ruled today. This war started in 1339 when Edward Ⅲ invaded Northern France. It continued intermittently for more than a hundred years, involving several…

Marching from Essex county to Brentwood, Kent and Canterbury, Thomas baker, the leader of the revolt and followers, captured and killed sherifs throughout the villages they came across as they made their way to London. A quick negotiation with the crown and legislatures took place with a revolt diplomacy but failed. On June 10th, 1381, rebels from Canterbury and other neighbouring settlements such as Essex, marched into London. Meeting at Blackheath, chroniclers estimated 60, 000 people camped…

The Haitian Revolution destroyed Haiti’s international relations causing an economic crisis and socioeconomic inequality, thus counteracting the liberties gained by the revolution. 1. As a newly freed nation of former slaves, the Western world felt threatened by Haiti’s new transformation inducing an international withdraw from commercial relations with nation. 2. With an international boycott of Haitian goods, Haiti financially struggled after losing their main source of revenue. 3. Desperate…

12. What was Alexander 's plan to defeat Napoleon? What was the result? At first, Alexander joined ranks with other European countries because he understood the threat Napoleon presented, and became known as the Fourth Coalition. The Fourth Coalition was able to reach an agreement with France after defeats on both sides and signed the Peace of Tilsit. Some, however, did not abide by this treaty and in 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia. The Russian soldiers were forced to retreat several times but…

Absolutism means that the sovereign power or ultimate authority in the state rested in the hands of a king who claimed to rule by divine right the idea that kings received their power from God and were responsible to no one but God. Catherine The Great and Tokugawa Ieyasu were both known as prominent absolute rulers but, Ieyasu was a more effective absolutist ruler. Tokugawa controlled his country by reasonable means that wouldn’t cause uprisings and distrust while still being the only one to…

‘Death of Alexander VI’ created a clear description of the hierarchy of the church, describing the former Pope as being cruel and being fond of poison to advance his own means. The unjust nature of the sixteenth century Church paints a picture of serfdom and other uses of unfair treatments towards the poor. However, the corrupt nature of the Church is not sufficient to explain why Luther’s message attracted such popular attention amongst the poor and the wealthy. Luther happened to be one of…

Peter Gunst focuses on why Eastern/Central Europe struggled to keep up with Western Europe technically, socially, and economically. The first peculiarity he notes is how there was no private ownership in Eastern Europe like there was in Western. Instead, the region used the idea of common land property. This isolated village communities and kept the region politically inferior to the well-connected Western Europe. These communal fields also created economic and social stasis because the system…

lives of black people have been deprived of alleviation due to the concurrent idea that people of color cannot acquire an accepted status within society. Members of the black community have endured brutal treatment and exploitation, from slavery and serfdom to segregation and discrimination, for a prolonged period of time. The notion of race and ethnicity within society has been unjustly utilized as a means of targeting and terrorizing people of color⎼a concurrent belief which has been set forth…

Edmund whose father is killed in battle when the Vikings overrun East Anglia. Edmund flees to the Kingdom of Wessex to join forces with the young King Alfred. Edmund is in many battles which at first the Saxon lose, then as he and young Alfred get talking they decide to use and adapt Roman warfare methods such at the 'turtle' and tight formations in wedge shapes. Edmund begins to win and becomes notorious, but it isn't enough the Danes keep coming. King Alfred in desperation tries to pay them…