Separatory funnel

The main objective of extraction is to isolate and purify organic substances. A chemist is able to achieve this by using either macroscale or microscale extraction for separating a solute from a solvent. Macroscale extraction uses a separatory funnel, while microscale extraction involves a conical vial. However, these experiments for extracting caffeine and isolating a neutral compound uses the macroscale extraction technique. Data Table 1 shows the results gathered from the first extraction…

The previous lab that was conducted dealt with oxidation, which is referred to as a compound gaining oxygen or losing electrons (Wyman, 2015). This week’s lab consisted of a reaction that was the opposite of an oxidation and it is known as a reduction reaction. To be more specific a reduction reaction is when the reactant that is present gains electrons, which is response lowers the overall formal charge of the compound. For instance, if there are two hydrogen ions and each one has a positive…

dichloromethane on your skin. Gloves are to be worn during this experiment, if improper safety precautions are taken there is a possibility of irritation, and or burning of the skin. CAUTION: Gas will build up in the separatory funnel while you are shaking it, so you must vent the funnel occasionally to prevent the stopper from popping out, causing a mess and possibly getting dichloromethane on your skin. ~During the pre-phase of this experiment it is recommended that you prepare all aspects…

temperature. Once cooled, 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate could then be added until the solution had a pH near 8, as indicated using the pH paper. Following the addition of 3 mL diethyl ether, the Separatory Funnel could be utilized in order to separate the organic and aqueous layers of the solution. The same funnel process was performed after the addition of 3 mL of saturated Sodium Chloride solution to the previously isolated organic layer. Once separated, sodium sulfate could be used to dry…

can decompose caffeine so do not let the tea dry out. 2. Squeeze the tea bag against the side of the beaker with a stir rod to remove as much of the liquid as possible. Let the solution cool to room temperature. 3. Pour the tea into the separatory funnel. (Make sure that the stopcock is closed). Add about 10 to 20 ml of methylene chloride and shake gently. Vigorous shaking will lead to an emulsion.…

Purpose: The objective is to separate the heterogeneous mixture of salt, iron filings, and salt into each pure form using filtration, evaporation, and magnetism. Background: When separating a mixture, preferably to separate a mixture that includes a soluble liquid and a insoluble solid, filtration is the best because solid molecules are bigger than liquid molecules. A filter contains pores that are small enough to let small partials though the pores while holding back the larger particles.…

Introduction Spinach is a leafy green plant that is high in vitamins. Spinach gains its green color from the pigments it contains which help the plant absorb sunlight needed for photosynthesis. The main pigments are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and β-carotene. Chlorophyll presents as a green pigment and is a porphyrin while β-carotene is a red-orange pigment and a carotenoid. [1] They are both found in all pants and are sensitive to exposure to light and air. β-carotene has been used in the…

A small burette funnel was filled with column packing solvent at mobile phase, high boiling petroleum, in this case hexane (and then 10%acetone hexane mixture), and Alumina as stationary phase. When adding the sand and the alumina they have to be first mixed with the hexanes in order not to disturb the column. The Lycopene is Red- Orange and more attracted to alumina due to its high degree of Unsaturation, which can be expected to be eluted after Yellow-Orange Carotene pigments. And the other…

65 degrees Celsius. During the solution was under reflux, solution has two layers: top layer being reddish color and bottom layer was clear. Excess NaBr solid were removed from the reaction material. The reaction material was then wash using separatory funnel with 15 ml of water and two times with 10 ml of 5% NaHCO3. 1.502 grams of sodium bicarbonate and 28.5 grams of H2O was used to obtained 20 ml of 5% NaHCO3, followed by drying the material with sodium sulfate. IR…

Nucleophilic Substitution: Preparation of 1-Bromobutane and Alkyl Halide Classification Tests INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate the conversion of a primary alcohol to 1-bromobutance with the Sn2 mechanism using sodium bromide and then to characterize the compound with two different alkyl halide tests. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution involves chemical reactions where a neutral molecule or an anion called a nucleophile substitutes a…