Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Introduction: regular weight individuals are less likely to have depressive symptoms than overweight or underweight persons. Depression is going to b to be the second reason of universal encumbrance disease by 2020. One of the reasons which causes depression is declining of BDNF which is considered as neurogenesis factor. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can be declined by increasing of stress. Additionally, the expression of BDNF in the brain can be raised by prolonged antidepressant…

a) Medial prefrontal cortex: the mPFC is divided into three subregions, which have differential control over HPA axis. The prelimbic (PrL) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) provides negative feedback to HPA axis and thereby reduces the stress-induced activation of HPA axis. The PrL and ACC reduces the duration of secretion without altering the peak of secretions and thus help in response termination. The lesion of mPFC consisting prelimbic cortex have known to produced enhanced cfos expression…

Differential Diagnosis. Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is not easy because most of the symptoms, especially in mild cases, are nonspecific and are frequently attributed to other causes or to the aging process itself. This is especially a problem in older patients because symptoms such as fatigue, lack of concentration, dry skin, and many others are considered to be normal parts of the aging process. Three different clinical conditions; hypothyroidism, depression, and presence of anemia, share…

The most two well-establish, commonly used in clinical assessment of MDD are the two diagnostic system: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision (ICD-10) (World Health Organization, 2016) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). First of all, it is noteworthy to mention that the umbrella term “Depressive Disorders” include a number of affective disorders, such as…

slows down the secretion of cortisol. Furthermore serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is often found at a lower level in the brain of depressives. It is often the case that raised levels of cortisol lead to lowered levels of serotonin so the depression may be a cause of an interaction between the two. Evidence for a lowered level of serotonin causing depression comes from the effectiveness of anti depressant drugs such as Prozac, which increases serotonin activity whilst reducing the depressive…

Log concentration-response curve to carbachol in the absence or presence of a series of concentrations of antagonist were showed on Figure 1. The log concentration-response curve has a characteristic sigmoidal shape. The addition of higher concentration of antagonist into the organ bath made the curves gradually shift to the right in a nearly parallel manner (Fig 1). The higher concentration of Atropine, the more its curve moved to the right of the graph. However, these effects of antagonist did…

A frequent complaint that eye doctors will come across is dry eye irritation. Many people have this problem to the extent that they will seek help from their doctor or an eye specialist. The problem stems from problems with tears or the tear duct and is known as dry eye syndrome. This article will look at the syndrome and suggest some possible ways to treat it. Typical Symptoms Dry eye irritation is normally a burning or stinging sensation. The eyes could be itchy and feel scratchy when moving…

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) in terms of general mental health symptoms, parenting, and emotional regulation skills compared with the outcome of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), which is the only treatment model used in Turkey. TF-CBT is an evidence-based model widely used in many countries to treat children and adolescents who experienced any kind of traumatic events and present trauma-related…

The HPA axis is known as the major endocrine system that is responsible for physiological homeostasis, responses to stress, and influences how someone adapts their behavior to accommodate for the stress (Du & Pang, 2015). Stress can be infection, illness, inflammation, or emotional. During stressful events, our brain inhibits hormones and neurotransmitters that under normal circumstance promote positive health. However, when the chemicals are inhibited for too long chronic health issues can…

Unlike some risk factors for AD, such as age and genetics, others are within our control. Cortisol is a hormone related to the stress response, and people can possibly maintain healthy cortisol levels by reducing stress and avoiding depression. High levels of cortisol cause the hippocampus, a part of the brain responsible for new learning and short-term memory, to shrink. This is important because, according to the American Academy of Neurology, the shrinkage of the hippocampus often precedes…