Second Vatican Council

II was not act out of character of Christianity and it was the currents events that are the cause for the first crusade, and the reason why the people of Christendom went on the crusade was for god not so much money. The motive for Pope Urban the Second for his call upon the faithful Christians was to remove the tyrannical world domination state of Islam that threating the exist…

there were only nine knights that swore to protect their fellow Christians. Many criticized the Knights’ ways. But that didn’t stop Hugh de Payns, a Knight Templar, went to Europe, campaigning for acceptance. He soon achieved it; in 1128, at the Council of Troyes, Bernard of Clairvaux vouched for them and expressed his support for the Order’s cause. There they were officially recognized by the papacy. This show of support was a huge step for the Templars. Many new troops flooded in from…

nobles of Europe were used to receiving letters begging aid for the Holy Land, for the most part the emotions and hopes of the mass of potential recruits could only be stirred by speaking tours. This form of propaganda was so effective that by the Second Crusade, one of the western Christendom’s most famous figures, St. Bernard of Clairvaux, was on the road to mapping…

The crusades were military campaigns first inaugurated and sanctioned by Pope Urban 2 at Clermont-Ferrand in November 1095 to wrestle the Holy Land from Muslim control. The desire for access to shrines associated with life and ministry of Jesus was a driving force for crusaders. In addition, the promise to gain to gain land and wealth in the East acted as motivation to the crusaders who also had absolution from sin and eternal glory promised to them. The church was more centralized and stronger…

concerned that these new plans will only increase the housing crisis that we are currently facing (Foster, 2016). Local authorities are being given more flexibility to manage their own housing waiting lists and £774 million has already been given to 31 councils, excluding London who will receive £820 million to refurbish existing properties and improve the standards of living to those tenants. Registered…

The speech at the Council of Clermont by pope Urban II was the defining moment in Crusades ideology, creating the foundation for the first large scale Crusades to take place. With the newly found five accounts of the Council I’ll try to paint an accurate picture as possible of what exactly occurred. There is no official transcript from pope Urban II; instead these documents provide first hand accounts of what occurred. Whether they are reliable or not is another matter. Since each document…

Democratic Deficit The plurality of Eurosceptic people argue that the European Union has a democratic deficient and I believe they are correct. The EU is fairly removed from individual nation-state governments and lack of accountability results in the loss member-state soverignty (Coughlan 2004). A democratic deficit refers the involvement of citizens in decision-making, and it is a foundational part of a legitimate government (Follesdal and Hix 2006). As discussed earlier, EU law is…

Bible Study Overall Series The Great Galatian Debate Galatians 1- On Defense (Paul’s Reason for Writing) Galatians 2- Real Talk (Holy Conferencing) Galatians 3- Believe or Be (Faith vs. Good Works) Galatians 4- Freedom to Live (Slavery vs. Freedom) Galatians 5- Lifestyle (Fruits of the Spirit) Galatians 6- Sharing is Caring (Instructions to the Community) Behind the Scenes This Study of Paul’s letter to the Galatians uses the style of a presidential political debate to better understand…

1. Explain how pseudepigraphy worked in the first century, and give three examples. Pseudepigraphy is essentially levels of authorship. Pseudeprigraphy asks the question – “Did the stated author of the letter actually write it.” Three examples of Pseudepigraphy include the following: Literal Authorship – is where the writing comes directly from the authors brain Dictation – is a word for word translation which then is written down on paper Delegated Authorship – is where the amanuensis was…

the Catholic Church. CCF simplifies the financial abuses of indulgences and how the Council of Trent clarified the Church’s position on the subject (CCF, 305). On the other hand, Peter Beer focuses on the Council’s ruling on indulgences in 1563. In his article “What Price Indulgences, Trent and Today”, Beer explains the struggle to come to consensus on indulgences. He expands on the seven questions posed to the council about indulgences (Beer, 527). These questions include topics such as what…