Second Opium War

In the Indonesian context, Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) or public vocational school is educational system where students are prepared to be able to involve in many aspects of global contention. To fulfil that demand, one of the keys with which students should be equipped is the ability to use English since it is the language used in the global communication. However, as mentioned in Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation (2014 No. 60) the English that should be mastered by SMK students…

In the preface of the book, “Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development”, Anna Wierzbicka explains that the people who are bilingual, are facing problems every day, due to the sense of the meaning of an word or a frase. She is focusing on multilingualism and emotions, the things that make harder the meanings of understanding between people. Also, she gives examples from her own life, whice are accurate, and shows very clearly the differences between languages. She was born in Poland…

Introduction In recent years there has been an increase in research investigating monolingual and bilingual individuals’ cognitive development. In order to research this area more accurately scientist examine language acquisition (how it all begins) in monolingual and bilingual children. This allows them to get an overall better understanding into brain development but also to address the cognitive advantages and disadvantages of being bilingual and monolingual. Define monolingual and…

For example: We asked him for help. In the sentence, “we” indicates the speakers, which is considered as the first personal pronoun. Second personal pronouns refer to the listener of the speaker or the reader of the writer: You/you. For example: You should be aware of what you are doing. In this sentence, “you” indicates the listener, which is the second personal pronoun. Third personal pronouns refer to people who are not in the conversation: he/him, she/her, it/it and they/them. For example:…

Ireland and Phillipson come from England. Crystal´s different opinion might be affected by some historic events – for example the Easter Rising when the Irish Republic was claimed but it was not accepted by Kingdom of Great Britain, this led to the Irish War of…

communicate and to work. In general, first language appears to be more proficient than second language. Given that first language is developed throughout an individual’s daily life, while the second language is often required in a classroom setting. Despite the bilingual individuals who master two language at a native user level, most of people are differentiated in behaviour and thinking process under their first and second language environment. Many studies have been done that showed the use…

Reading Amy Tan's "Mother Tongue", I came across the idea of language being "fractured and broken". In the essay, she provided examples of how her mother's limited English caused her to be given poor service at department stores, banks, and restaurants; stating how people would usually consider a lack of depth in their thinking due to their "broken" or "limited" use of language. Conversely, she thinks that her mother's English is "vivid, full of observation and imagery". Indeed, Chinglish is…

Introduction English pronunciation is a major problem among some ESL learners. Majority of the cases the degree and type of difficulty depends on the learner’s native language. Despite the differences between countries, there are certain common mistakes among ESL students all over the world. According to (Pesce, 2017) there are seven common pronounciation mistakes among the ESL learners.Pronouncing the letter “th”,it is the most tough comsonant to produce. There are three different ways to…

Intelligence tests are usually based on cognitive skills and learning that are needed in a Western society in order to succeed both in an educational and occupational setting. Intelligence tests usually are formulated under a Western ideal of ‘clever’ and can not account for various other ways in which ‘clever’ might be idealized in other cultures. It also usually relies on strong verbal content and the products of western schooling. Behaviour or intellect surrounding certain subjects may not…

Thus, bilingual people often find themselves in the situation of changing their attitude and conveying different emotions when speaking either language, a thing which is impossible to do for a monolingual person, as the Polish linguist also affirms: For bilingual people, living with two languages can mean indeed living in two different emotional worlds and also traveling back and forth between those two worlds. This fascinating aspect is caused by cognitive processes that interfere with our…