Second law of thermodynamics

Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. It involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first…

The Laws of Thermodynamics dictate that the universe is constantly becoming more disordered. If this is truly the case, then how have life forms as ordered as the ones here on earth possibly come to exist? The universe’s relentless drift toward pure chaos poses quite a challenge to the order that is life, but by using concepts of thermodynamics and biophysics, life forms continue to subsist. Life itself is in a perpetual struggle with the Laws of Thermodynamics that both are the foundation for…

of life. The second flaw is the failure of chemistry to explain the origin of the genetic code. The third flaw is the use of embryology to support evolution. Lastly, evolution could never happen at all according to the laws of thermodynamics. With all the information to be presented, let’s…

How can some live in a society with access to a wealth of information accessible in less than a second still believe the earth is flat? This question is easily answerable in one word: misinformation. Unsurprisingly, the answer to this question invariably raises other questions. However, rather than focusing on questions surrounding the qualifications of misinformation, perhaps a question that deals directly with misinformation’s nature should take center stage: “How is misinformation spread?”…

1.1 What is a heat engine? In thermodynamics, a heat engine is a device/system that uses heat to do work, i.e. it converts heat or thermal energy to mechanical energy. 1.2 How does a heat engine work and its operating principles? For a heat engine to work, it must operate in cycles. Firstly, heat is added into the system. Let the heat added into the system be represented by [Qh]. After that process, some of the energy that were added into the system will be used to do work e.g the…

In his video “"The Laws of Thermodynamics and Fate of the Universe," Michio Kaku, an American theoretical physicist, states that “one day, Universe will freeze to death.” He supports his idea by using the first and second laws of thermodynamics, which highlight such as frightening prediction. However, I don’t think it’s enough to make the final conclusion. It’s not just thermodynamics that reveal molecular life and its processes. Biological and physical conditions should also be applied even…

Hydroelectric Dam In Thermodynamics, there are two main processes that take place in our environment: reversible processes and irreversible processes. Reversible processes are said to be ideal processes that seldom occur. Irreversible processes are the processes that can be easily found in nature and that occur naturally. It is said that when a system experiences a change to its initial state while moving to its final state, the system has undergone some type of a thermodynamic process. During…

of this, causal relationships can also be observed in every branch of science. For instance, medical specialists search causes of the diseases. Similarly, physicists observe causes of the effects on the nature. This is a reason why even the simplest laws of physics have causal relationships. When a force applied to a spring, a displacement is observed. We know that the displacement is occurred just because of the force we applied. In other words, the force is the cause of the displacement which…

Energy production Jigsaw Project individual Selena Xu 1. Second law of thermodynamics: ❖ What is the second law of thermodynamics? Well, this law talks about the quality of energy, while the quantity of energy and matter stays constant. This law tells us that heat will flow from a hotter object to a colder object, due to Newton’s second law and that when energy is transferring and transforming, some of the useful energy might be lost . ❖ Cyclic process of energy transfer is a when a series…

since it contradicts the tendencies of the second law of thermodynamics? Active transport utilizes proteins and ATP to moves substance against its concentration gradient. The protein changes shape with the ATP to move a substance across the membrane, to where it is more concentrated. This process increases entropy in the highly concentrated side of the membrane and decreases entropy on the other side. Ergo, it contradicts the second law of thermodynamics by defying equilibrium. Yet, it can still…