Sebaceous gland

1. What are the hormones detected in the early stages of pregnancy that we measure for a pregnancy test. How long do they stay elevated? Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or a beta subunit (β-hCG) of hCG are the hormones which are detected in early stages of pregnancy. β-hCG production can begin as early as the day of implantation and can be detected in as early as 7-10 days after conception. “The level of hCG increases until it peaks at about 60-70 days of gestation and then declines until…

consists of connective tissue and develops from the mesoderm. Beneath the two layers, there is a subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue, the hypodermis or subcutis, which binds the skin to underlying structures. Hair nails and sweat and sebaceous glands are of epithelial origin and collectively called the appendages of the skin. The skin and its appendages together forms the integumentary…

The integumentary system is commonly known for one of many visible complex organ systems. The system is made up of skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. The integumentary system shields the body from substances in the outside world. It holds body fluids, protects the body from a disease, removes waste products, and regulates the body’s temperature. While accommodating to do all of that, the integumentary systems teams up with many systems in your body. All of those systems each sustain internal…

1. Describe what may occur if hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity occur as a result of drug use. Hepatotoxicity is when the liver detoxifies and metabolizes foreign chemicals in the blood. It can be damaged by drugs or their metabolic products. If liver cells are injured, enzymatic abnormalities usually occur which is when fatty liver deposits form, hepatitis occurs, and in the worst cases liver failure can result. Nephrotoxicity occurs when nephron tubules and/or filtration abilities of the…

Anabolic steroids were first discovered in the late 1930’s as a way to care for hypogonadim, a condition in which the testes do not produce sufficient testosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning (Volkow, 2001). Since this time, anabolic steroid usage has been one of the most controversial topics in modern medicine. In the late 1930s, scientists learned that anabolic steroids could expedite the development of skeletal muscle in laboratory animals. Anabolic steroids are…

everyone can expect to experience acne to some degree during their lifetime. Acne is characterized by noninflammatory, open or closed comedones and by inflammatory pustules, papules or nodules. It affects mostly the dense skin area with lots of sebaceous follicles such as face, back and upper part of the chest. It is considered an embarrassing, detrimental skin condition that may severely affect the quality of life for many teenagers and adults who are affected by it. Pathophysiology:…

conditions. Introduction Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a bacteria that grows deep inside of pores, which is relatively slow-growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic and gram positive type, It feeds on the sebum that is made by the sebaceous glands which surround the base of hair shaft. One of the most prominent properties of these bacterias is that it’s partially…

Pathophysiology Tinea pedis, or athlete’s foot, is the term used for a dermatophyte infection of the sole of the foot and interdigital spaces (Porth, 2015). This infection is most commonly caused by Trichophyton rubrum, initially endemic to a small region of Southeast Asia. Dermatophytes are fungi that require keratin for growth. The fungus that causes tinea pedis falls under this umbrella. Other causes of tinea pedis include: Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton floccosum. The…

M.G. is a 10-year old African American female presenting to the clinic with her mother. She is clean and intact, well nourished and in no apparent distress. She has been getting allergy shots due to eczema, but the mother wishes to stop them due to lack of improvement in her condition. She had been prescribed with tea tree oils, which she used twice daily until it ran out three months ago. She has also been having daily baths with dove and herbal soaps and bath salts twice a week. She has also…

Dermoid ovarian cysts, or mature cystic teratomas, are a nonfunctional type of cyst that forms on the ovary. This type of cyst is the most common type of germ cell tumor (Mo et al. 2013). This disease was of interest to me because I have had an ovarian cyst before, although mine was a different type, I had similar complications that normally follow a dermoid ovarian cyst. Causes of the disease and symptoms Dermoid ovarian cysts develop when totipotent germ cells become over stimulated in women…